Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Calculate ASsurr and ASuniverse for a reaction. Consider the reaction H₂S(g) + 2H₂O(1)→→3H₂(g) + SO₂(g) Using standard thermodynamic data (in the Chemistry References), calculate the entropy change of the surroundings and the universe at 25°C. AS surroundings = ASuniverse J/K J/K where ASO = 294.7 J/K rxnarrow_forwardIf the temperature of the surroundings is 146.55 °C, calculate the entropy change (in J/K) for the system (AS sys), surroundings (AS sur) and universe (AS universe) when 18.2 g of gaseous phenol (C6H6O) condenses. Report your answers to two decimal places. Tfus(°C) 40.90 Tvap (°C) 181.87 AH°fus (kJ/mol) 11.29 AHvap (kJ/mol) 45.69 1. AS sys Submit Answer 2. AS sur Submit Answer 3. AS universe Submit Answer Tries 0/5 Tries 0/5 Tries 0/5arrow_forwardThe energy produced by a spontaneous reaction is often used to provide the energy to drive nonspontaneous reactions. For example, the conversion of ATP to ADP in our cells acts as the energy source for the nonspontaneous reactions that combine amino acids during protein synthesis. Here is the conversion of ATP to ADP: ATP(aq) + H,O = ADP(aq) + HPO,²-(aq) AG° = -30.0 kj/mol A typical reaction combining two amino acids during protein synthesis has a AG = 15.0 kJ/mol. What is the minimum ATP concentration required to provide the energy to combine 1 mole of amino acid synthesis (total energy = 15.0 kJ)? Assume that the concentration of ADP = 9 µM (micromolar) and HPO42- = 4 mM (millimolar). %3! %3Darrow_forward
- The heat of vaporization AH, of heptane (C-H₁6) is 31.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the change in entropy AS when 736. g of heptane condenses at 98.4 °C. Be sure your answer contains a unit symbol. Round your answer to 3 significant digits. x10 ロ・ロ X H ■arrow_forward1) Predict the sign (+ or -) of the entropy for the system and justify your answer. H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) 2) Calculate the entropy change for each of the above using your data tables. H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) ΔS° =? Note: Please answer number 1 and 2 Thank you.arrow_forwardEnter your answer in the provided box. Calculate the standard entropy change for the following reaction at 25°C. 2 Al(s) + 3 ZnO(s) → Al₂O3(s) + 3 Zn(s) Substance Al(s) Al³+ (aq) Al₂O3(s) Zn(s) Zn²+ (aq) ZnO(s) J/K Sº (J/K mol) 28.3 -313.38 50.99 41.6 -106.48 43.9 27arrow_forward
- 0/5 Nerbs A chemical engineer is studying the two reactions shown in the table below. In each case, she fills a reaction vessel with some mixture of the reactants and products at a constant temperature of 85.0 °C and constant total pressure. Then, she measures the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS of the first reaction, and the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction free energy AG of the second reaction. The results of her measurements are shown in the table. Complete the table. That is, calculate AG for the first reaction and AS for the second. (Round your answer to zero decimal places.) Then, decide whether, under the conditions the engineer has set up, the reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is spontaneous, or neither forward nor reverse reaction is spontaneous because the system is at equilibrium. do AH = -2220. kJ J AS = -6189 K C,H, (g) + 50, (g) 3Co, (g) + 4H,0(1) AG = KJ Which is spontaneous? O this reaction O the reverse reaction O neither AH = -50. kJ 0- AS =…arrow_forwardVhemical engineer is studying the two'reactions shown in the table below. In each case, he fills a reaction vessel with some mixture of the reactants and products at a constant temperature of 82.0 °C and constant total pressure. Then, he measures the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS of the first reaction, and the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction free energy AG of the second reaction. The results of his measurements are shown in the table. Complete the table. That is, calculate AG for the first reaction and AS for the second. (Round your answer to zero decimal places.) Then, decide whether, under the conditions the engineer has set up, the reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is spontaneous, or neither forward nor reverse reaction is spontaneous because the system is at equilibrium. 2NH, (g) N₂(g)+ 3H₂ (e) 2A1(s) + Fe₂O₂ (s) ALO, (s) + 2Fe(s) AH = 92, kJ AS = 302. FR AG = KJ Which is spontaneous? Othis reaction AS = the reverse reaction Oneither AH = -852. kJ K AG…arrow_forwardUse the information given below to calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of the following reaction in kJ. Enter your response as a number without units. You may use standard or exponential notation. A quantity 1234.5 kJ would be entered as 1.2345E3. P4010(s) + 16 H2(g) - 4 PH3(g) + 10 H20(g) Substance AG:° (kJ/mol) P4010(s) 2683 PH3(g) 13.9 228 H20(g)arrow_forward
- AG (ky/mol) SUbStance / 1on so (ky/mol) -1206.9 /moi k) 92.9 • CaC03l>) -|128.8 • CaO (s) |- 635. I – 60 3.5 38.2 • CO2(9) - 393.5 - 394.4 213.7 191.5 3 H2(g) 202.7 ZNH3 ) -45.9 -16 193 • Hz (g) 202.7 223.0 -92.31 - 95. 30 186.79arrow_forwardgiven rgetable of standard molar entropy values of each substance in the reaction below, what is the standard change in entropy, delta s, for the following reaction? 2CH3OH(g)+3OH2- 2CO2(g)+4H2O(g) Substance= CH3OH(g) S(J/mol•K) 240 Substance=O2(g) S(J/mol•K) 205 Substance=CO2(g) S(J/mol•K) 214 Substance=H2O(g) S(J/mol•k) 189 a. -352 J/K b. -1302 J/K c. 315 J/K d. 89 J/K E. 1830 J/Karrow_forwardA chemicai engineer is studying the two reactions shown in the table below. In each case, he fills a reaction vessel with some mixture of the reactants and products at a constant temperature of 42.0 °C and constant total pressure. Then, he measures the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS of the first reaction, and the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction free energy AG of the second reaction. The results of his measurements are shown in the table. Complete the table. That is, calculate AG for the first reaction and AS for the second. (Round your answer to zero decimal places.) Then, decide whether, under the conditions the engineer has set up, the reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is spontaneous, or neither forward nor reverse reaction is spontaneous because the system is at equilibrium. ΔΗ Ξ - 70. kJ J AS = -151. K TiCl, (g) + 2H,0(g) → Tio, (s) + 4H Cl (g) AG = || kJ Which is spontaneous? this reaction the reverse reaction neither AH = 439. kJ AS = K 4H,PO, (s) →…arrow_forward
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