Use the following information for the Question below: As of early 2022, the global bitcoin hashrate is 160∗1018 hashes per second. The Antminer S19 can compute 110 TH/s = 73∗1012 hashes per second. It costs $2600 and consumes 3.25kW when operating.   How many such devices would be needed in order to reach a 1% chance that you will receive the mining reward?

Q: Determine the appropriate criteria for a cryptographic hash function h.        We can find…

A: We need to find the appropriate criteria for a cryptographic hash function.    The Given Options are…

Q: For n parties to carry out encrypted communications between all pairs of parties, symmetric-key…

A: The correct answer is given below with detailed explanation

Q: Ahmed is using a brute-force attack to decrypt a message between two teachers, which means that:…

A: Brute force attacks are simple and reliable. Attackers let a computer do the work – trying different…

Q: Recall that the value of the block reward in Bitcoin halves after every 210.000 blocks added to the…

A: Below I have provided the solution to the given question.

Q: We use the encryption key (see image) to encode a message A. Justify that the matrix A will allow…

A: Encode: 1. Divide the letters of the message into groups of the size of the matrix 2. Convert each…

Q: Decrypt the following rail fence cipher: MTEXDCELASIHMETRIYOTRLNSLTOTRONRMUOAILSAAPF Assume depth…

A: 1) Decryption using rail fence cipher ,depth=4 2) How many row and columns rail cipher text should…

Q: A bank wishes to record the account number of its clients (an 8-digit number) on magnetic stripe ATM…

A: Answer: We need to write the function of magnetic strip on the ATM

Q: вов Message (m) ALICE Hash Hash MAC Function Function S Message (m) Yes Same? MAC Insecure medium…

A: First:  Message Integrity Second : Message Confidentiality Third : Non-repudiation Fourth : Message…

Q: Consider a large institution that has 14369 employees. How many keys are necessary to allow any pair…

A: One kind of cryptographic key used in symmetric cryptography is a symmetric key, sometimes referred…

Q: Cybersecurity. In the RSA algorithm, if p=7 and q=11, select the public key and calculate the…

A: The objective of this question is to understand the RSA algorithm, select the public key, calculate…

Q: Consider a large institution that has 9180 employees. How many keys are necessary to allow any pair…

A: The answer is given below.

Q: Suppose that we instead use an asymmetric cryptographic scheme. How many keys are required in

A: The answer is

Q: Discuss the three main differences between cryptographic hash function and the cryptographic…

A: Given: Explain the differences between Cryptographic Cipher and Cryptographic Hash Functions.

Q: When compared to other families of secure hash functions (such the SHA family of algorithms), what…

A: Introduction: Hash functions are intended to accept an input and provide a fixed-length output…

Q: Ahmed is using a brute-force attack to decrypt a message between two teachers, which means that: O…

A: Task :- Choose the correct option for given question.

Q: For the table shown below Job No. Arrival Time Run time 2. 2.5 3. 1.25 4. 6. 1.5 What is average…

A: Scheduling of processes / work is done to finish the work on time . Various Times related to the…

Q: By using 3 prime numbers, we can also define RSA cryptostem where N = pqr. Again we must have…

A: According to the information given:- We have to follow the instruction in order to define RSA…

Q: I need to find methods of data collection for predicting the price cryptocurrency. As I chose to use…

A: We know first of all that a crawler is an entity used to extract data from the web, even if the…

Q: Separate hash from MAC code. Provide examples of how they may be used to verify messages. What kinds…

A: Introduction : A hash is a cryptographic function used to protect data and verify data integrity. It…

Q: A password generator creates a 10-character case-sensitive alphanumeric (a-zA-Z0-9) password keyed…

A: How many passwords are possible, average length of time be for a successful brute force attack if…

Q: 7. The following ciphertext 261 163 196 172 217 172 89 142 76 217 209 172 ? was produced using the…

A: Note  As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost other…

Q: QUESTION 10 How to encrypt a message with hashing? O Impossible. First concatenate a security key…

A: Encryption : It is a process of converting an information or data into a code which an not be…

Q: Let a be a primitive root mod p. Show that La(bib2) = La(b1) + La(b2) (mod p – 1).

A:

Q: For that, Koushik must derive his own public key and private key pair from the values p = 23 and q =…

A: Answer: Given P=23 and  Q=107 where p and q are two prime number and find E and D using RSA…

Q: Suppose we are using p = 17, g = 5 for DH. 1. Find n, the cycle g^i mod p. 2. Then assume A’s…

A: Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange with given parameters We'll solve this step-by-step: 1. Finding the…

Q: Shared session key establishment using a Key Distribution Center (KDC). Using the following table,…

A:

Q: Here, we are investigating the block cipher AES (Rijndael) which has a key length of 128 bits.…

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Q: For message authentication, how may a hash value be secured? Can a MAC algorithm be attacked without…

A: a) A hash function is constructed by concatenating a message with a symmetric key and sending it;…

Q: Let EK: {0,1}128 → {0, 1}128 be an ideal block cipher with message space {0, 1}128, ciphertext space…

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Q: A summary of RSA algorithm is described on W10 Notes. Assume that the algorithm is used with p= 11,…

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Q: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. We conduct a…

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Q: Recall that the sponge construction describes how to turn a public random permutation into a…

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Q: Bitcoin mining is also known as proof-of-work because in order to create a valid block, the miner…

A:

Q: Ahmed is using a brute-force attack to decrypt a message between two teachers, which means that:

A: Ahmed is using a brute-force attack to decrypt a message between two teachers, which means that:

Q: Alice and Bob are using the ElGamal cipher with the parameters ?=19p=19 and ?=2α=2. Their parameters…

A:

Q: From the material that we discussed in the lecture about the cryptographic hash function, answer the…

A: Cryptographic hash functions are collision-resistant one-way functions, with which it is not…

Q: that has 16891 employees. How many keys are necessary to allow any pair of employees to securely…

A: Ans- For using symmetric cipher algorithm total pairs of required will be- N(N-1)/2pairs where N is…

Fundamentals of blockchaining

In a business network, the tracking assets and the process of recording transactions are facilitated by the shared immutable ledger called a blockchain. Assets are of two types they are tangible and intangible. The tangible assets are land, house, cash, etc. The intangible assets are copyrights, branding, properties patterns, intellectual property, etc. On a blockchain network, anything that has a value can be tracked and it can be traded.