
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781119256830
Author: Amos Gilat
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Use the answers provided to answer. Include a written summary of your interpretation of the results. In addition, provide your recommendation to the state legislature with a brief explanation as to why you feel it is the best option for implementing public health policy for screening among the target population.

Transcribed Image Text:Suppose that you are part of a team that serves as a body of experts to provide recommendations
to state legislators and local public health officials. Your team analyzes and interprets information
in order to guide best-practice decisions for state-wide public health policy and program planning.
Recent research has surfaced regarding the potential of a new screening test for lead poisoning
among children. While the current gold standard screening test is extremely good at producing
correct results, it is expensive and involves the collection of arterial blood, which is highly invasive
and not well-tolerated among children. The new screening test, on the other hand, is much cheaper
to administer and only requires simple finger pricks for the collection of venous blood, which is
much preferred among children. However, as shown in the following study results, the venous
blood test is not as good at producing correct results with regard to lead poisoning among children
as compared to the arterial blood test.
Positive Venous
Blood Test
Negative Venous
Blood Test
Total
Lead Poisoning
(Positive Arterial
Blood Test)
445
244
(True positive) (False positive)
Sensitivity=
55
256
(False negative) (True negative)
500
(Total disease)
No Lead
Poisoning
(Negative
Arterial Blood
Test)
Specificity-
500
(Total non-
disease)
Total
Given the development of a new, cheaper, less invasive screening test for lead poisoning, the state
is considering public policy that would mandate universal screening with the venous blood test
among the general population of children as a requirement for kindergarten entry. Work with your
team to analyze and interpret the information provided in order to make a recommendation
regarding this policy. It may help to consider the following questions:
445
445 + 55
689
(Total test
positive)
311
1) What is the validity (sensitivity and specificity) of the venous blood test and what do
these measures mean?
(Total test
negative)
Sensitivity - the ability of the venous blood screening test to correctly identify children
with lead poisoning
1,000
(Total)
Number of true positives
Number of true positives + Number of false negatives
256
256 +244
89%
Of the children with lead poisoning, 89 % tested positive on the venous blood screening
test
Specificity - the ability of the venous blood screening test to correctly identify children
without lead poisoning
Number of true negatives
Number of true negatives + Number of false positives
= 51.2%
Of the children without lead poisoning, 51.2 % tested negative on the venous blood
screening test

Transcribed Image Text:Number of true positives
Number of true positives + Number of false negatives
Sensitivity=
445
445 +55
89%
of the children with lead poisoning, 89 % tested positive on the venous blood screening
test
Specificity - the ability of the venous blood screening test to correctly identify children
without lead poisoning
Specificity=
Number of true negatives.
Number of true negatives + Number of false positives
256
256 +244
= 51.2%
Of the children without lead poisoning, 51.2 % tested negative on the venous blood
screening test
2) What is the predictive value (positive and negative) of the venous blood test and what do
these measures mean?
Positive predictive value (PPV) - the ability of the venous blood screening test to produce
a positive result among children with lead poisoning
Positive predictive value=
= 64.5%
True positives
True positives + false positives
445
445 +244
Of the children who tested positive on the venous blood screening test, 64.5 % had lead
poisoning
Negative predictive value (NPV) - the ability of the venous blood screening test to
produce a negative result among children without lead poisoning
Negative predictive value=
True negatives
True negatives + false negatives
256
256 +55
= 82.3%
Of the children who tested negative on the venous blood screening test, 82.3 % did not
have lead poisoning
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