Uridine monophosphate (UMP) undergoes a deuterium exchange in deuterated water as shown below. Propose a mechanism for this exchange.

Would you say that the GadC anti porter exhibits the same pH dependence as the AdiC anti porter? If not which anti porter is less active at nonacid pHs?

The atmospheric ratio of peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) to PAN + inorganic nitrite varies from less than 0.1 to 0.9. High values of the ratio are associated with photo chemically aged air masses, situations where precipitation has recently occurred, and situations were unusually high nighttime nitrogen oxide concentrations are found. What do these observations tell us  about the factors affecting the relative rates of formation and removal of nitrogen oxide compounds?

When comparing the structures of acetate buffer and tris-maleate buffer, acetate buffer works on fumarase activity but tris-maleate buffer does not?