Unlike skeletal and smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle is “self-excitable”. Explain how this property of cardiac muscle works, and why it is important in the cardiac cycle.

define Cardiac muscle,

Please help me label theses items

Fill in the blank:  In the presence of damaged blood vessels, platelets release a substance called _______________________ thatcauses smooth muscle contraction.

List everything that would happen if the cardiac muscles turned into skeletal muscles.

The contracting cells of the heart are a type of striated muscle that is said to work as a functional syncytium.  Provide a definition for “functional syncytium” and describe important functional characteristics and cellular specializations

Activation of the vascular endothelium is an important event associated with cardiovascular diseases. Explain why. (minimum 60 words)

Epinephrine is the chief neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. What effect would you expect it to have on the contractions of cardiac muscle? Explain.

Caffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node   True False   Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata   True False   The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length   True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm.   True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells.   True False

please identify one feature (resting membrane potential, the voltage at a particular point of the action potential, the types of ions moving through voltage-gated channels...) of a neuronal action potential or skeletal muscle sarcomere contraction, and relate it to the action potential or contraction of an SA node cardiocyte or a non-SA node cardiocyte ("regular" cardiocyte).  Identify whether this feature is similar to the cardiocyte or different.