please identify one feature (resting membrane potential, the voltage at a particular point of the action potential, the types of ions moving through voltage-gated channels...) of a neuronal action potential or skeletal muscle sarcomere contraction, and relate it to the action potential or contraction of an SA node cardiocyte or a non-SA node cardiocyte ("regular" cardiocyte). Identify whether this feature is similar to the cardiocyte or different.
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please identify one feature (resting membrane potential, the voltage at a particular point of the action potential, the types of ions moving through voltage-gated channels...) of a neuronal action potential or skeletal muscle sarcomere contraction, and relate it to the action potential or contraction of an SA node cardiocyte or a non-SA node cardiocyte ("regular" cardiocyte). Identify whether this feature is similar to the cardiocyte or different.
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- Cardiomyocyte action potential 3 4 5 2 1 0.15 0.30 time (s) For our course, "regular" cardiocytes are cardiocytes that are NOT part of the SA node. Please use the word bank to complete the following statements: (choices can be used more than once, obviously) voltage-gated calcium channels voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated potassium channels stable not stable Unlike SA node cardiocytes, regular cardiocytes have a resting membrane potential that is Regular cardiocytes become stimulated when calcium and sodium pass fro neighboring excited cardiocytes through gap junctions (see 1). This causes to open, resulting in the regular cardiocytes to sharply depolarize (see 2). At 3, these channels close, and open, resulting in both depolarization and sarcomere contraction. Also at 3, open, causing the cell to repolarize. The opposing forces, (depolarization and repolarization) of the two channels that are open simultaneously, results in a plateau (see 4). This plateau continues until…Describe why a doctor would give a patient that is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction the treatment of tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)? What will it do?Select the TRUE statement/s: Calcium channel blocker will affect which phase/s of the cardiac muscle cell action potential? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. +30- Membrane potential (mv) +10. -10- -30- -50- -70- -90 0 O A) Phase 1 OB) Phase 2 OC) Phase 3 (b) Electrical events at the sarcolemma of a cardiac muscle cell OD) Phase 4 3 0.15 Time (seconds) OE) All of the above RMP 0.30
- voltage-gated calcium channels voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated potassium channels stable not stable Unlike SA node cardiocytes, regular cardiocytes have a resting membrane potential that is Regular cardiocytes become stimulated when calcium and sodium pass from neighboring excited cardiocytes through gap junctions (see 1). This causes to open, resulting in the regular cardiocytes to sharply depolarize (see 2). At 3, these channels close, and open, resulting in both depolarization and sarcomere contraction. Also at 3, open, causing the cell to repolarize. The opposing forces, (depolarization and repolarization) of the two channels that are open simultaneously, results in a plateau (see 4). This plateau continues until voltage-gated calcium channels close. At 5, only remains open, resulting in the cell repolarizing.Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle doesn’t undergo tetany. Explain how this is achieved and why is this necessary?The contracting cells of the heart are a type of striated muscle that is said to work as a functional syncytium. Provide a definition for “functional syncytium” and describe important functional characteristics and cellular specializations
- You are testing a compound as cardioactive drug. You know the compound is an agonist of acetylcholine (ACh) at the relevant ACh receptor (AChR) on sinoatrial (SA) node cells. Briefly describe how the action of the drug likely would affect the electrical signal produced by the SA node cells. In respect of cardiac output, what would you expect to be the effect of this drug?Contrast action potentials in ventricular muscle cells with SA node action potentials.Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or ventricular myocyte? How can be AV conduction affected by hypokalemia? Briefly explain the mechanism by which the most popular beta-blocker metoprolol would affect cardiac muscle contractility and blood flow. How it affects heart rate and conduction?
- Detail action potential of myocardial conduction and contractile cells – see stages. Include all ion movement in your answer.Draw a ventricular muscle cell action potential in the figure below.Briefly describe the changes in membrane permeability that underlie the potential changes.Identify and describe the structure shown in the figure below. What role does this structure contribute to the functional myocardium? Identify the structure shown