Two streams, each with a flow rate of 10 m3/s, combine to form a single stream. The first stream has fluoride concentration of 20 mg/L and the second has a fluoride concentration of 50 mg/L. (a) Draw a diagram of the system, showing the control volume. (b) Find the downstream concentration of fluoride, assuming complete mixing and conservation of fluoride.
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Two streams, each with a flow rate of 10 m3/s, combine to form a single stream. The first stream has fluoride concentration of 20 mg/L and the second has a fluoride concentration of 50 mg/L.
(a) Draw a diagram of the system, showing the control volume.
(b) Find the downstream concentration of fluoride, assuming complete mixing and conservation of fluoride.
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- After conventional filtration, the filtered water with turbidity less than 0.5 NTU, pH =7 and T=5 C on a day when the peak hourly flow is 4.0 mgd (million gallon per day). After filtration, the water is chlorinated in a contact with hydraulic characteristics shown in Figure 11.20 b. What is the applied chlorine dose if free chlorine is used for disinfection?1. A wastewater treatment plant serving a city of 200,000 discharges 1.10 m/s of treated effluent having an ultimate BOD of 50.0 mg/L into a stream that has a flow of 8.70 m/s and a BOD of its own equal to 6.0 mg/L. The deoxygenation constant ka, is 0.20/day. a. Assuming complete and instantaneous mixing, estimate the ultimate BOD of the river just downstream from the outfall. b. If the stream has a constant cross section, so that it flows at a fixed speed equal to 0.30 m/s, estimate the BOD remaining in the stream at a distance 30,000 m downstream. 2. The wastewater in the question above has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.0 mg/L and a discharge rate of 1.10 m/s. The river that is receiving this waste has BO equal to 8.3 mg/L, a flow rate of 8.70 m/s, and a temperature of 20°C. Assuming complete and instantaneous mixing, estimate the initial dissolved oxygen deficit of the mixture of wastewater and river water just downstream from the discharge point.a. A stream has an average stream velocity of 0.92 [m/s] and an average depth of 1 [m]. Calculate the reaeration coefficient (Kr) at 20 C. b. Assume atmospheric pressure, 20° C temperature, and no stream contamination. Suppose the stream has an average chloride concentration of 5000 [mg/I]. What is the expected dissolved oxygen saturation concentration for the stream? c. With the same assumptions and conditions, the stream is receiving BOD contamination from an unknown source. If you have measured the dissolved oxygen (DO) in this stream and your DO probe reads 6.62 [mg/l]. How much is the DO deficit for this stream?
- Estimate the reduction in bacteria during the passage of wastewater that initially contains 106organisms per milliliter through three stabilization ponds that are arranged in series. The volumes of the three ponds are 10,000; 20,000; and 6,000 m3, respectively. The flowrate is 1000 m3/d. Assume that steady-state conditions apply, that the ponds are completely mixed due to wind action, that first-order decay kinetics apply, and that the value of the reaction rate constant k is 1.0 d-1. What is the overall conversion for these ponds in series? Instead of having three separate ponds in series what would the conversion be for one equivalent pond of the same total volume?Question 4.10 A radial system consists of four layers with the following properties: Layer Inner Radius [m] Outer Radius [m] Permeability [D] 1 0.6 4.5 0.35 2 4.5 26.0 0.21 26.0 95.5 0.49 4 95.5 164.5 0.24 Calculate the average permeability of this system if the flow is in series.The discharge from a food processing plant is the only source of BOD in a river. The oxygensag curve shows a minimum DO concentration of 3.0 mg/L. The DO concentrationimmediately downstream of the discharge is at saturation (10.0 mg/L). Other characteristics ofthe system are as follows: u = 60 miles/day; kr = 0.80 days-1; kd = 0.20 days-1.a. Currently the food processing plant does not treat the waste. What percent removal ofthe BOD would be required to ensure that the DO of the river at any locationdownstream of the plant is always greater than 5.0 mg/L?b. How far downstream would the lowest DO levels occur?c. What ultimate BOD concentration of the mixture of the river and waste immediatelydownstream of the discharge would result in a minimum DO concentration of 5.0mg/L?
- Question 2 A factory with a wastewater flow of 0.011 m/s and a BOD5 of 590 mg/L discharges into a small stream. The stream has a minimum dry season flow of 1.7 m/s. Upstream of the factory, the BODS of the stream is 0.6 mg/L. The BOD rate constants ka at 20 °C are 0.115 di for the factory wastewater and 3.7 d1 for the stream. The temperature of both the stream and the factory wastewater is 20 °C. After mixing, the DO was 6.3 mg/L, the velocity was 0.1 m/s, the mean depth was 2.5 m and the decay constant, ka , was 0.75 d. a. Calculate the initial ultimate BOD after mixing (HINT: First find Lo in each flow). b. Determine the time when the critical DO occurs c. Where does the critical DO occur? d. Determine whether any fish migration will occur if they require a DO level of at least 3 mg/L in their habitat.Problem 4. A water treatment plant has six settling tanks that operate in parallel (the flow gets split into six equal flow streams), and each tank has a volume of 40 m³. a) If the flow to the plant is 10 million gallons per day, what is the residence time in each of the settling tanks? b) If instead, the tanks operated in series (the entire flow goes first through one tank, then the second, and so on), what would be the retention time in each tank? c) The suspended solids concentration is 100 mg/L at the inlet of the plant. Assuming a first-order removal rate for suspended solids in the settling tanks with a rate constant k = 0.1 min-'. What would be the suspended solids concentration at the outlet of the plant when the settling tanks are operated in parallel? d) What would be the suspended solids concentration at the outlet of the plant when the settling tanks are operated in series?Oil of specific gravity 0.85 flows freely from a tank through a 60 mm diameter pipe. The oil surface elevation is 4 meters above the pipe. The total head loss between in the system is 2.0 meters. Determine the discharge in the pipe in liters per second.