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- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.Consider the model of the axon as a capacitor from Figure P18.43. (a) How much energy doesit take to restore the inner wall of the axon to -7.0 x 10-2 V,starting from +3.0 x 10-2 V? (b) Find the average current inthe axon wall during this process.
- Numerical problems dealing with capacitors within circuits. Testing the ability to find the charge on and voltage across capacitors within a circuit. Calculate the voltage across C1, in nC, in the given parallel circuit diagram which contains a 4.50 V battery. When: C1 = 1.06 nF C2 = 5.00 nF C3 = 8.25 nFThere are 2 paralell plate capacitors wich are uncharged. They are connected in a RC circuit. Here is some information that will help you solve this question. - The C1 capacitor is filled up with air and has a plate area of 6.00 cm2 and a plate separation of 0.5 mm. The other capacitor has the same plate separation, but twice the plate area, and it is filled with paper of dielectric constant 3.7. - The switch remained at position a for a relatively long time, then it is thrown to position b. Determine the final charge on each capacitor. b C₁₂ 18.0 V 2.00 kniLearn Help - Resources - stion 20 Consider the circuit below. What is the charge on and the voltage across the capacitor labelled C2? yet vered nts out of + 12 V - Flag estion 4 uF C2 4 uF 4 µF Select one: O 24 microCoulombs, 12 V 24 microCoulombs, 4 V 24 microCoulombs, 6V O 24 Coulombs, 6 V MacBook Air
- Voltage across the resting membrane potential…A) Can be described by the Nernst equation.B) Is established by a difference in charges across the cell membrane, with the outside more negative than the inside.C) Defines the driving force for flow of a particular ion across the cell membrane, given its equilibrium potentialD) Is equally dependent on the flow of potassium and sodium ions through leak channels across the cell membrane.E) Stays the same during an action potential.Three capacitors are joined as shown in the figure, C1 = 6.8 μF, C2 = 6.2 μF, C3 = 5.9 μF. The voltage on the battery is 12 V. a) Calculate the numerical value of the total capacitance of the circuit, in microfarads. b) Calculate the numerical value of the total energy stored in the capacitors U, in microjoules.in the curcuit shown in the figure , the S switch is closed at t = 0 and the capacitors, which are completely empty, begin to fill. here E = 25 V , C = 4uF and R = 75 ohm. a) what is the constant of the curcuit T in units of microseconds? b)when t=T , what is the total charge , in units of microcloumb accumulated in the capacitors ?
- The circuit shown has been connected for a long time. If C-3 uF and e- 22 V, then calculate the charge Q (in uC) in the capacitor. ww 10 ww O 7.2 O 10.8 O 9.6 O 14.4 O 13.2In the circuit below, the values of the capacitors are C1=9.38uF, C2=2.99uF, C3=5.18uF. The voltage of the battery is 5.53V.What is the charge (uC) on capacitor C2 to 3 sig figs?in the curcuit shown in the figure , the S switch is closed at t = 0 and the capacitors, which are completely empty, begin to fill. here E = 35 V , C = 6uF and R = 100 ohm. a) what is the constant of the curcuit of microseconds? b)when t=T , what is the total charge , in units of microcloumb accumulated in the capacitors ?