THINK Answer this question individually 1. Why does the fermentation of sugars, such as glucose and fructose, depend upon the presence of P PAIR Answert Answer the following questions with a partner: 2. Which glycolytic reactions require ? 3. Several glycolytic intermediates contain phosphate. Where did these groups come from during the reactions? SHAREAs a class As a class, discuss the following questions: 4. How much P, is required to generate one CD, 5. Is CO, generation the most reliable way to measure ethanol fermentation? Why or why not?

Please answer correctly

Consider the following redox reaction: lactate + NAD = pyruvate + NADH + H+ The relevant reductive half reactions are as follows: pyruvate + 2e + 2H+ lactate NAD+ + 2e+ H* = NADH E' -0.185 V = E' -0.320 V What is the AE' of the redox reaction? -0.505 V -0.135 V 0.135 V ○ 0.505 V

2.1 ANSWER THE TABLE

In the skeletal muscle, in anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate during the payoff phase of glycolysis; and this pyruvate is reduced into lactate during lactic fermentation. Part 1-Write the 11 balanced biochemical equations corresponding to all the reaction steps leading to the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into lactate through glycolysis followed by lactic fermentation. Part 2-Write the net equation of the whole transformation process (i.e. with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate as the starting substrate; and lactate as the end product).

Propose structures for intermediates A and B in the scheme below. This three-step conversion is carried out by enzymes that require no redox cofactors (no FAD, NADH etc.) nor TPP. Which enzyme in the citric acid cycle has an activity most similar to enzyme 1? Which enzyme in the PPP or the citric acid cycle has an intermediate that bears similarity to intermediate B? H OH COO™ Enzl A Enz2 B Enz3 OH

Which of the following about glycolysis are CORRECT? 1 I. II. III. IV. Among all the reactions in glycolysis, reaction catalysed by hexokinase has the largest negative AG The overall pathway of glycolysis has a negative AG Glycolysis is tightly regulated in coordination with other energy-yielding pathways Two NADP molecules are released and coupled exergonic reactions possible. A. I and II B. I and III O C. II and IV D. I, II and III E. All of them