thermodynamically

Q: What are the relative populations of the states of a two-level system when the temperature is…

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Q: nodynamic weight of a state with tatistical-thermodynamic propertie ion between temperature and the…

A: We have N independent particles existing in two energy levels Eo and -Eo. Let number of particles in…

Q: 3. THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS Using the following Venn Diagram, compare and contrast an open system from…

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Q: By what means can the internal energy of a closed system increase?

A: Closed system is the physical system in which transfer of mass can't be possible.

Q: Discuss the statement that a system and its surroundings are distinguished by specifying the…

A: By definition, a system is generally any collection of material or space that are similar or…

Q: Which property of a system is constant in reversible adiabatic process?

A: Randomness in the particles is measured by entropy. Compared to solid and liquid particles, the gas…

Q: Use the thermodynamic identity for a P-V-T system and the equation of state to show that the entropy…

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Q: true or false Internal energy of the system is composed of two state functions called heat and…

A: According to first law of thermodynamics difference in heat and work gives the change in internal…

Q: The change in internal energy, AE, of a closed system is equal to the heat flow, q, for a process…

A: A question based on thermodynamic laws.

Q: Calculate the molar change in chemical potential of the ideal gas that expands by 10 times its…

A: It is given that the final volume of an ideal gas is ten times the initial volume, that is, Vf =…

Q: One mole of gas expands isothermically to double its volume. If the gas temperature is 340 K, what…

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Q: Differentiate between state and nonstate thermodynamic systems using suitable examples.

A: Thermodynamics is basically that branch of physics which deals with heat, work, and temperature.…

Q: how does law of conservation of mass applied in a closed system?

A: Balanced chemical reaction is the chemical equation that contains an equal number of atoms of each…

Q: e) Differentiate between state and nonstate thermodynamic systems using suitable examples.

A: A state function usually depends final state - initial state of the system (path has no impact on…

Q: What is Isothermal Expansion of a van der Waals Gas?

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Q: Give examples of chemical systems that are (a) open, (b) closed, (c) isolated.

A: Open system: An open system can exchange energy and matter with environment. Example: Cup of water (…

Q: At temperature T, the internal energy of 1mol rigid diatomic molecules is =......

A: Internal energy can be calculated on the basis of degree of freedom.

Q: strategy for calculating the entropy of vaporisation of propanone at 298 K

A: Entropy, ∆S = ∆Hvap / T  where, ∆Hvap = Change in enthalpy due to vaporization, T = Temperature at…

Q: 1.1 State the first law of thermodynamics 1.2. What is the difference between isobaric process and…

A: 1.1 The statement for first law of thermodynamics: The total energy of an isolated system is does…

Q: Calculate the change in the molar Gibbs free energy of a) liquid water treated as an incompressible…

A: Given:  In the isothermal process- As per information-dG=VdP-SdTIn isothermal process…

Q: Does the entropy of the system increase, decrease, or stay the same when (a) a solid melts?

A: Degree of randomness of the system is measured by the entropy. When there is increase in randomness…

Q: (ii) If we increase the particle number, volume and energy 3 times of the original one then entropy…

A: Entropy is a measure of disorder (randomness) of molecules such as helium, chlorine and hydrogen…

Q: Calculate the molar change in chemical potential of an ideal gas that expands by 10 times its…

A: The molar change in chemical potential of an ideal gas that expands by 10 times its original volume…

Q: What does the superscript ° indicate when associated with a thermodynamicquantity, as in ΔH°, ΔS°,…

A: The superscipt ˚ in thermodynamics indicates that the given thermodynamic quantity is in standard…

Q: A sample of Hydrogen is confined to a cylinder fined with a piston of 10 cm cross-section. It…

A: This is how we can find out entropy change for an ideal gas in an isothermal process . Complete…

Q: properties of a thermodynamic system

A: Thermodynamic is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between system and…

Q: Fine the change in entropy for isothermal and siobaroc processes ?

A: Entropy is a thermodynamic parameter,represnets the measurement of disorder or randomness.…

Q: Identify the systems for which it is essential to include a factor of 1/N! on going from Q to q :…

A: Factor of 1N! is usually used for indistinguishable particles, that means those particles which are…

Q: Name the thermodynamic state function that is a measure of randomness or can also be defined as…

A: Given that a thermodynamic state function that is a measure of randomness or can also be defined as…

Q: Spontaneity criteria of simple and nonsimple system in terms of Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies

A: For Gibbs free energy change the criteria of spontaneity is as follows, (i) if Δ G is negative, the…

Q: Derive an expression showing how entropy can be related to thermodynamic probability.

A: The relation between entropy and thermodynamic probability are given as follows:

Q: Briefly distinguish between spontaneity criteria of simple and non-simple system in terms of Gibbs…

A: For a spontaneous process, change in Gibbs free energy, defined at constant temperature and…

Q: Spontaneity criteria of simple and non simple systems in terms of Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy

A: For a spontaneous process, change in Gibbs free energy is negative because the energy of the system…

Q: Consider the thermodynamic quantities E, 9, and w. Which of these quantities are state functions?

A: Examples of state functions ΔΗ,-ΔG ,ΔΤ Examples of path functions - work (w) - heat (q)…

Q: Why is chemical potential analogous to temperature and pressure?

A: The chemical potential is the measure of free energy is changed in the process.

Q: Suppose that you find out that a system has an absolute entropy zero. What else can you conclude…

A: The absolute entropy of a system is the entropy at absolute temperature, 0 K.

Q: Explain how adjustments to a system to enhance thermodynamic favoribility could inhibit kinetic…

A: Thermodynamic is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between system and…

Q: Suppose that 6.0 mmol of perfect gas molecules initially occupies 52 cm3 at 298 K and then expands…

A: Given: n=6.0 mol Initial volume V1=52 cm3 Final volume V2=122cm3 Temperature = 298K To find: ∆G for…

Q: The combined first and second law can be modified to take into account different forms of work…

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Q: Distinguish between spontaneity criteria of simple and nonsimple system in terms of Gibbs and…

A: SOLUTION: Step 1: Gibbs free energy (G)is a state function defined with regard to system quantities.…

Q: For the following, use information from the appendix of Engel as needed. Assume that all species can…

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