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"There is one strict requirement for the exit of a protein from the ER: it must be correctly folded" is true or false.
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- HbA1c is a glycated hemoglobin in which a glucose molecule is covalently bound to the N-terminal valine of a hemoglobin subunit. True False"ER-bound and free ribosomes, which are structurally and functionally identical, differ only in the proteins they happen to be making at a particular time" is true or false."ER-bound and free ribosomes, which are structurally and functionally identical, differ only in the proteins they happen to be making at a particular time" is true or false. With reason
- Atherosclerosis can obstruct or block flow in arteries, including those that provide oxygenated blood to the heart. Elevated levels of [ Select ] ["LDL, and VLDL", "HDL"] are associated with atherosclerosis, most likely because of their role in delivery of lipids to peripheral tissues and cells. Smooth muscle cells are recruited to the site of damage, where they [ Select ] ["induce apoptosis of endothelial cells", "proliferate"] , hence expanding the extent of the lesion.Sickle-Cell Anemia is one disease that arises from a known point mutation in a protein. This statement is: True FalseDraw a diagram of the "general model" aka “protein-protein interaction model" of suppression to show how it works (or how it can be used to find interacting proteins.)
- The following observations are made on an unknownmembrane protein, X. It can be extracted from disrupted erythrocyte membranes into aconcentrated salt solution, and it can be cleaved into fragments by proteolytic enzymes. Treatment of erythrocytes with proteolytic enzymes followed by disruption and extraction of membrane components yields intact X. However, treatment of erythrocyte “ghosts” (which consist of just plasma membranes, produced by disrupting the cells and washing outthe hemoglobin) with proteolytic enzymes, followed by disruption and extraction, yields extensively fragmented X. What do these observations indicate about the location of X in the plasma membrane? Do the properties of X resemble those of an integral or peripheral membrane protein?Human serum transferrin is an iron transport protein. With the use of appropriate diagrams, describe the metal-bound active site and discuss the structural changes that occur on iron binding to the protein.How do RER and SER differ from one another in terms of structure and function? List the processes in which the ER is involved.
- Name conditions caused by abnormalities of vertical linkages and horizontal (lateral) linkages in RBC transmembrane and cytoskeletal proteins.A healthy immune system can raise antibodies that recognize and bind with high affinity to almost any stable molecule. The molecule to which an antibody binds is known as an antigen. Antibodies have been exploited by enterprising scientists to generate valuable tools for research, diagnosis, and therapy. One clever application is the generation of antibodies that function like enzymes to catalyze complicated chemical reactions. If you wished to produce such a “catalytic” antibody, what would you suggest using as the anti- gen? Should it be the substrate of the reaction? The product? Something else?Name four different proteins that facilitate the modification or folding of secretory proteins within the lumen of the ER. Indicate which of these proteins covalently modifies substrate proteins and which brings about only conformational changes in substrate proteins.