There is a difference between standardization and normalization. What's the difference between these two? I'd want to know what examples you have of each.

You are invited to design a national identification number system for U.S. citizens. The ID number should: reflect the state, county, and city the person lives in; reflect the person’s date of birth; take into account the possibility of multiple individuals sharing identical birthday in the same city. Please also EXPLAIN your design of this ID number system with appropriate examples. Merely providing an example is not sufficient.

What images come to mind when you think of email? What happens when an email is sent? Write down whatever that is currently on your thoughts. Can we put anything or someone to blame for these differences? How well do your models perform when applied to complicated data sets?

Show that you comprehend what is meant by "normalization." Please include instances of 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCF as well.

What is a Data Definition Language (DDL)? Give an example of what you're talking about.

What is your mental model of e-mail? How does an e-mail message get from one place to another? Write down you're understanding. What differences are there and why? Think about the level of detail (or level of abstraction) that is present in different models.

Normalization is not the same as standardization. As far as I know, there is no difference. What examples can you think of for each of these categories?

Suppose you are a judge trying to decide a dispute between a buyer and a supplier. The buyer claims not to have produced a particular email purchase order, while the supplier shows you the purchase order, and certificates and CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists), demonstrating that the purchase order was signed by the buyer. All documents have been signed by a notary. How would the dates on the various pieces of evidence influence your decision? What if only the purchase order was signed by the notary?