There are some similarities and some differences between the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Which of the following is NOT a true difference between the two cycles?
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Both involve CO2, but in the Calvin cycle CO2 is used brought into the process as a source of carbon for the sugar being built. In the Mitochondrion, CO2 is removed from the sugar and leaves the cell. |
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In the Calvin cycle, ATP is used to carry chemical energy from the light reactions to the the Calvin cycle where the chemical energy is incorporated in the sugar molecule that is being manufactured. In the mitochondrion, ATP is produced and brought out of the mitochondrion so it can provide chemical energy to the many activities going on in the cytoplasm |
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The first step in the Calvin cycle, the carboxylation of RuBP, produces a 12-carbon product that splits into two 6 carbon pieces. In the first step of the citric acid cycle, the first molecule produced contains 6 atoms. In the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion, the product of the first step, citric acid, contains 3 carbons. |
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In the Calvin cycle, high energy electrons are added to the organic molecules being synthesized. In the citric acid cycle, high energy electrons are stripped off the organic molecules that come into the cycle. |
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- Photosynthesis and Respiration are opposing processes. One is required to produce food, the other to derive energy from food. Each of these processes involves a cycle to complete its goal. For Photosynthesis it is the Calvin Cycle; for Respiration it is the Krebs Cycle. Listed below are features of both cycles. Indicate which 5 of them are associated with the Calvin Cycle. Creates glucose ATP and CO2 are used ATP and CO2 are produced O A catabolic process An anabolic process. Oxidizes glucose O Occurs in mitochondria O Occurs in chloroplasts Occurs only in green organisms Occurs in all organismsarrow_forwardOxygenic photosynthesis, in cyanobacteria, green algae, and green plants, consumes which of the following substrate molecules? H2O, CO2, and C6H12O6 C6H12O6 and O2 only CO2 and C6H12O6 only CO2 and H2O only C6H12O6, H2O, and O2arrow_forwardThe Calvin cycle reactions are sometimes called the “lightindependent reactions” or “dark reactions” to contrast them with the light (or light-dependent) reactions. Can the Calvin cycle be sustained in algae that are kept in total darkness for several days? Why or why notarrow_forward
- Choose 2 of the following terms: Z protein / ATP synthase / Photosystem II. What is the specific role of each of the following? Describe what and how the protein does its job. As well, explain the importance of each in the overall process of photosynthesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not involved during the light reactions of photosynthesis? An electron transport chain Photosystem I Calvin Cycle ATP Synthasearrow_forwardWhat single molecule is important in all of the following processes? : electron donor to FNR, can participate in the formation of plastohydroquinone (PQH2), contributes to regulation of Calvin cycle enzymesarrow_forward
- Which statement best describes translation? 00 The process converts an mRNA sequence into a polypeptide. It uses ribosomes to make mRNA. It produces Okazaki fragments. It produces RNA from DNA molecules The process breaks bonds between amino acids.arrow_forwardFor the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.arrow_forwardThe light-sensitive, non-protein component of the photosynthetic reaction center (from the purple eubacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis) is called: cytochrome c bacteriochlorophyll vitamin A bacteriorhodopsin retinalarrow_forward
- Why would “knocking out” a gene for a chloroplast fatty acid desaturase (an enzyme involved in synthesizing fatty acids containing three double bonds) increase the rate of photosynthesis at 40°C, a temperature at which photosynthesis is normally impaired?arrow_forward(c) Compare the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by redrawing (if necessary) and completing the table given below: Table 1: Comparison of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Organelle Source of electrons Final electron acceptor Source of energy Role of ATParrow_forwardIdentify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox looparrow_forward
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