The Weather Underground reported that the mean amount of summer rainfall for the northeastern US is at least 11.52 inches. Ten cities in the northeast are randomly selected and the mean rainfall amount is calculated to be 7.42 inches with a standard deviation of 1.3 inches. At the α = 0.05 level, can it be concluded that the mean rainfall was below the reported average? What if α = 0.01? Assume the amount of summer rainfall follows a normal distribution. Please also state if the assumption of normal distribution was essential for solving this question. You will need to specify the appropriate hypothesis, identify the statistical test, estimate p-value (using R command), and state your conclusion in the context of the problem. For the conclusion, please use the following template. If you reject the null write Since p-value is [write the value of your p-value] and is less than [write the value of alpha in percent] we reject the null hypothesis at [write the value of alpha]% significance level. That is, there is sufficient evidence in the data to reject [write down the null hypothesis in the context of the problem] If you fail to reject the null write Since p-value is [write the value of your p-value] and is greater than [write the value of alpha in percent], we fail to reject the null hypothesis at [write the value of alpha]% significance level. That is, there is not sufficient evidence in the data to reject [write down null in the context of the problem]

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...