The standard free energy (AG') of the creatine kinase reaction is −12.6 kJ · mol¯¹. The AG value of an in vitro creatine kinase reaction is -0.1 kJ mol-¹. At the start of the reaction, the concentration of ATP is 6 mM, the concentration of creatine is 12 mM, and the concentration of creatine phosphate is 25 mM. Using the values given, calculate the starting concentration of ADP in micromolar. [ADP] = µM

From data in the table, calculate the AG' value for the reactions. Reaction Phosphocreatine + H₂O → creatine + Pi ADP + P; → ATP + H₂O Fructose + P₁ → fructose 6-phosphate + H₂O Phosphocreatine + ADP → creatine + ATP AG'° = ATP + fructose → ADP + fructose 6-phosphate AG'° = AG'o (kJ/mol) -43.0 +30.5 +15.9 kJ/mol kJ/mol

GR Methanol and ethanol bind to the same active site on the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to undergo oxidation, as shown in the equations below. In methanol poisoning, ethanol is given intravenously to prevent the formation of formaldehyde that has toxic effects. In this scenario, what type of inhibitor is ethanol with regard to alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzing the oxidation of methanol? budy CH3-OH + NAD+ HCHO+NADH + H+ CH3-CH2-OH + NAD+ CH3-CHO + NADH + H* O a competitive inhibitor ADH O an irreversible inhibitor ADH O a noncompetitive inhibitor O both a noncompetitive and an irreversible inhibitor O Sea hp

Given the following information on reduction potentials, calculate the standard free energy in kJ/mol based on your understanding of electron transfer through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Round to nearest whole number. Lipoamide + 2H+ + 2e-  → dihydrolipoamide ∆εο = -0.29 FAD + 2H+ + 2e-  → FADH2 ∆εο = −0.01