The standard density of air is p= 1.29x10³gr/cm³, (v) = 4.6x104cm/s, and that the thermal conductivity K= 0.0548x10-3cal/cm s K. Estimate the viscosity of the air and compare your result with the value measured n=18.19x10-5 gr/cm s, at P = 1 atm and T = 298 K.
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- Viscosity can be measured by flow through a thin-bore or capillary tube if the flow rate is low. For length L, (small) diameter D« L, pressure drop Ap, and (low) volume flow rate Q, the formula for viscosity is u = D'Ap/(CLQ), where C is a constant. (a) Verify that C is dimensionless. The following data are for water flowing through a 2-mm-diameter tube which is 1 meter long. The pressure drop is held constant at Ap = 5 kPa. T, °C 10.0 40.0 70.0 Q, L/min 0.091 0.179 0.292 (b) Using proper SI units, determine an average value of C by accounting for the variation with temperature of the viscosity of water.A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both speciesBooks on porous media and atomization claim that the viscosityμ and surface tension Y of a fl uid can be combinedwith a characteristic velocity U to form an important dimensionlessparameter. ( a ) Verify that this is so. ( b ) Evaluatethis parameter for water at 20°C and a velocity of3.5 cm/s. Note: You get extra credit if you know the nameof this parameter.
- A catheter-sensor system for invasive pressure measurements has a catheter with a length of 1 m and a diameter of 2.5 mm. The catheter is filled with water at 20 C, with viscosity = 0.001 Pa.s and density = 103 kg/m3. The diaphragm elasticity Ed equals 0.5x1015 N/m5. a. Draw the simplified electrical model of the pressure measurement set-up that includes the catheter and the diaphragm and determine the transfer function of the pressure measurement system. b. Compute the natural frequency and damping ratio of this system. c. The current system has a damping ratio that is far from optimal. Suppose you are pinching the catheter for a small length lx so that the catheter diameter reduces to 0.2mm. Assuming the pinch to affect the resistance only, determine the length lx such that an optimal damping ratio = 0.7 is obtained. d. Suppose that the assumption of purely resistive effects of the pinch cannot be made. Discuss (without calculations) the consequences on the derivation of lx.QI A ball made of INOX AISI 365 steel with density of 8.52 gricm3 was used to determine the viscosity of oil with specific gravity of 0.91. In the viscometer, the ball traveled 19 cm in 2.2 seconds. If the diameter of the ball is 2.95 mm, what is the viscosity of the oil in pa.s ? assume that water density is 1000 kg/m'.A plate 0.05mm distance from a fixed plate moves at 1.25 m/s and required a force per unit area of 3 Pa to maintain this speed by using an oil of specific gravity 0.65. Find the dynamic viscosity in centipoise and kinematic viscosity in stokes of the fluid between the plates. Calculate the specific weight in kN/m³, density, and the specific gravity of a liquid having a volume of 662900 cm and weight of 55 kN
- A pipe of diameter 2.5 m is required to transport an oil of sp.gr. 0.86 & viscosity 3×10- 2 poise at 3750 li/s. Tests were conducted on a 20cm diameter pipe using water at 20oC Find the velocity and rate of flow in the model. Viscosity of water at 20 m= 0.01poise.8:01 32 2.20 Find the dynamic and kinematic viscosities of kerosene, SAE 10W-30 motor oil, and water at a temperature of 38°C (100°F).Figure 0 shows the change in density of a newtonian fluid with temperature, ing/m^3.Falling spere experiments give average times of 0.2s @ 10 c and 0.23s @ 20 cUsing the equation u=K(ps-pf)tWhere K is found to be 1.34Ps=2300 kg/m3Calculate the viscosity of the fluid at 20 c and 10 c
- An airplane that has a cross-sectional diameter D = 4 m of the front portion is to fly at a speed of 600 km/hr in air that has a density of 1.1 kg/m and dynamic viscosity of 1.27 x 10 Pa.s. A small size model of scale ratio (1/17) to be tested in a different fluid that has a dynamic viscosity 5 x 105 Pa .s and a density of 500 kg/m2. It is determined that the parameters that are important for this test are: diameter D, density, viscosity, velocity V, the length of the wings L and the drag force F. What must be the speed (m/s) of the model to Choose... ensure dynamical similitude? What must be the corresponding diameter of the model (cm)? Choose.. What is the number/s of dimensionless groups for this problem? Choose...The kinematic viscosity of liquid oil is 20 stoke and relative density = 0.85. Find the dynamic viscosity of this liquid oil in Sl and British systems. (1 stoke = 1 cm/s, 1m 3.28 ft, 1ft 30.48 cm and 1kg = 2.2 lb). Choose the correct answer: a- In SI system 25 kg/m.s and in British system 16.6 Ib/ft.s b- In SI System 17 kg/m.s and in British system 1.17 Ib/ft.s c- In Sl system 20 kg/m.s and in British system 8.15 Ib/ft.sMott ." cometer, which we can analyze later in Chap. 7. A small ball of diameter D and density p, falls through a tube of test liquid (p. µ). The fall velocity V is calculated by the time to fall a measured distance. The formula for calculating the viscosity of the fluid is discusses a simple falling-ball vis- (Po – p)gD² 18 V This result is limited by the requirement that the Reynolds number (pVD/u) be less than 1.0. Suppose a steel ball (SG = 7.87) of diameter 2.2 mm falls in SAE 25W oil (SG = 0.88) at 20°C. The measured fall velocity is 8.4 cm/s. (a) What is the viscosity of the oil, in kg/m-s? (b) Is the Reynolds num- ber small enough for a valid estimate?