Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
Bartleby Related Questions Icon

Related questions

bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
### Orthogonal Basis Using Gram-Schmidt Process

**Objective:**
To find the orthogonal basis for a subspace \( W \) using the Gram-Schmidt process.

**Given:**
The following set of vectors form a basis for a subspace \( W \):

\[
\mathbf{x_1} =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
-1 \\
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}
, \quad
\mathbf{x_2} =
\begin{pmatrix}
3 \\
-2 \\
-7 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}
\]

**Step-by-Step Process:**

1. **Starting with \(\mathbf{x_1}\):**

Set \(\mathbf{u_1} = \mathbf{x_1}\).

2. **Making \(\mathbf{x_2}\) orthogonal to \(\mathbf{u_1}\):**

Compute the projection of \(\mathbf{x_2}\) onto \(\mathbf{u_1}\):

\[
\text{proj}_{\mathbf{u_1}}\mathbf{x_2} = \frac{\mathbf{x_2} \cdot \mathbf{u_1}}{\mathbf{u_1} \cdot \mathbf{u_1}} \mathbf{u_1}
\]

Subtract this projection from \(\mathbf{x_2}\) to get \(\mathbf{u_2}\):

\[
\mathbf{u_2} = \mathbf{x_2} - \text{proj}_{\mathbf{u_1}}\mathbf{x_2}
\]

**Outcome:**
The orthogonal basis produced using the Gram-Schmidt process for \( W \) is as follows:

\[
\mathbf{u_1} = 
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
-1 \\
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}
, \quad
\mathbf{u_2} = \text{(Calculated as per the steps above)}
\]

For the actual values of \(\mathbf{u_2}\), you would proceed with the calculation steps explicitly to find the specific orthogonal vectors.

**Note:** Remember to use a comma to separate the vectors when listing the orthogonal basis vectors.

---

This example illustrates the application of the Gram-Schmidt process to transform a basis into an orthogonal basis, enhancing understanding for students studying linear algebra concepts on an
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:### Orthogonal Basis Using Gram-Schmidt Process **Objective:** To find the orthogonal basis for a subspace \( W \) using the Gram-Schmidt process. **Given:** The following set of vectors form a basis for a subspace \( W \): \[ \mathbf{x_1} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{x_2} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -2 \\ -7 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \] **Step-by-Step Process:** 1. **Starting with \(\mathbf{x_1}\):** Set \(\mathbf{u_1} = \mathbf{x_1}\). 2. **Making \(\mathbf{x_2}\) orthogonal to \(\mathbf{u_1}\):** Compute the projection of \(\mathbf{x_2}\) onto \(\mathbf{u_1}\): \[ \text{proj}_{\mathbf{u_1}}\mathbf{x_2} = \frac{\mathbf{x_2} \cdot \mathbf{u_1}}{\mathbf{u_1} \cdot \mathbf{u_1}} \mathbf{u_1} \] Subtract this projection from \(\mathbf{x_2}\) to get \(\mathbf{u_2}\): \[ \mathbf{u_2} = \mathbf{x_2} - \text{proj}_{\mathbf{u_1}}\mathbf{x_2} \] **Outcome:** The orthogonal basis produced using the Gram-Schmidt process for \( W \) is as follows: \[ \mathbf{u_1} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{u_2} = \text{(Calculated as per the steps above)} \] For the actual values of \(\mathbf{u_2}\), you would proceed with the calculation steps explicitly to find the specific orthogonal vectors. **Note:** Remember to use a comma to separate the vectors when listing the orthogonal basis vectors. --- This example illustrates the application of the Gram-Schmidt process to transform a basis into an orthogonal basis, enhancing understanding for students studying linear algebra concepts on an
Expert Solution
Check Mark
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Advanced Math
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, advanced-math and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Math
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
Text book image
Numerical Methods for Engineers
Advanced Math
ISBN:9780073397924
Author:Steven C. Chapra Dr., Raymond P. Canale
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Introductory Mathematics for Engineering Applicat...
Advanced Math
ISBN:9781118141809
Author:Nathan Klingbeil
Publisher:WILEY
Text book image
Mathematics For Machine Technology
Advanced Math
ISBN:9781337798310
Author:Peterson, John.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Basic Technical Mathematics
Advanced Math
ISBN:9780134437705
Author:Washington
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Topology
Advanced Math
ISBN:9780134689517
Author:Munkres, James R.
Publisher:Pearson,