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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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- Which of the following mushroom-derived molecules is known to block DNA transcription by directly interfering with the function of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II? Question 33 options: taxol colchicine actinomycin D α-amanitin AflatoxinCreate the restriction map for the plasmid below:Define the following terms: Bacteriophage λ DNA Plasmid Map
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae. In the 1940s, penicillin was introduced as an antibiotic to treat gonorrhea. In particular, the drug inhibits the formation of new cell walls in dividing bacterial cells, making new cells vulnerable to the human body's defences. However, a new strain of Neiserria gonorrhoeae was found that is capable of breaking down penicillin, making this strain resistant. The emergence of this new strain has been associated with instances of non-strict compliance of certain patients on the use of penicillin as well as the improper administration of the drug. Based on the information given, formulate a strategy that could help control this new strain.What would happen if there is no plasmid?The figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid. Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below. Suppose I have a Neurospora strain that has a mutation such that it will not grow unless I supplement the media (food) with arginine (but not with citrulline or ornithine). What gene is mutated? Explain your reasoning.
- Make a fl owchart to explain the mechanism of how prions can cause a progressive effect, even though they cannot divide by themselves.Below is a diagram of the general structure of the bacteriophagel chromosome. Speculate on the mechanism by which it forms aclosed ring upon infection of the host cell. 5'GGGCGGCGACCT:double@stranded region-3' 3'- double@stranded region:CCCGCCGCTGGA5'Which statement is false regarding plasmids? Circular dsDNAs that reside in bacterial cells Replicate independently from host cell Encode no more than 1-2 genes that benefit the host cell Called episomes when they incorporate into the host cell genome Classified by what type of host cell they infect
- Identify a plasmid that is used to destroy its competitors. fertility plasmids bacteriocin plasmids virulence plasmids cryptic plasmids resistance plasmidsAll of the following are true statements concerning plasmids EXCEPT: O 1) They can carry genes that confer resistance against antibiotics 2) They can be found in bacteria, fungi, and protozoa 3) They carry genes that are required for growth and repair 4) They are small circular molecules of DNA. O 5) They can replicate autonomouslyMisfolded prions are infectious because they: cause other proteins to denature cause other genes to misfold cause other prion proteins to misfold cause many other proteins to misfold cause ribosomes to fall off of transcripts cause other proteins to dissolve