The red arrows in Figure 1 indicate a normal open epiphyseal plate (an open growth plate).   What tissue is it made of? What tissue will it be made of once it has closed (fused)? Which bone is the growth plate part of? Describe how this growth plate formed. Start with the cartilage model in the embryo and end with what can be seen in this xray.

The DNA back bone is made of what? What is found in the middle of the DNA molecule?

Bone stem cells are called?

You are designing a new bone anchor which is used to secure a suture to the bone. This screw need to be strong and need to be attached securely to the bone. a. Which type of ceramic would you recommend I use ? Why? b. How might this screw fail? c. You decided to create this screw out of a biodegrable ceramic and tested it by implanting it into the femur of a pig. A couple days after implantation, you saw that the femur was inflamed and the wound is not healing well. What might have happened? d. Your friend also decided to. try and make their own screw out of bioglass. A couple weeks after implantation, your friend saw that the surgery site has completed healed with a laver of bone where the screw used to be. They concluded that their screw must have degraded. Do you agree? Why or why not?

What constitutes the largest part of a bone? a) Osteocytes b) Proteoglycans c) Collagen d) Hydroxyapatite

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of autologous embryonic stem cell development and differentiation in-vitro? O They can be used to treat degenerative or damaged tissues without being rejected by the individual's immune system O They have very high pluripotency O All of the above are advantages O It can be used for treating infertility O They can be differentiated into many tissue types using appropriate growth factors * Previous Next

Hard parts are not unique among animals: many invertebrates create hard exoskeletons and shells for support & protection. However, the major difference between, say, the shell of a snail, and our bones, is what they are made of: most invertebrate shell is made of calcium carbonate while our bones are calcium phosphate. In the space below, please explain why this shift may have taken place.

Which of the following is an illustration of permissive interaction? The epidermis signals the underlying dermis to create condensations and the dermal condensations then signal the epidermis to form specific cutaneous structures. Wing epidermal epithelium produces wing feather when exposed to wing dermal mesenchyme but will produce scales and claw when exposed to foot dermal mesenchyme. When implanted in the newt embryo, the frog oral ectoderm can only differentiate into frog derivatives and will not differentiate into newt derivatives. D An inducing signal from the optic vesicle is necessary for new gene expression in the lens ectoderm. E) Contact with the appropriate extracellular matrix is sufficient for cells to express differentiation-specific genes.

"Healthy cartilage is moist cartilage".  Explain the three reasons why the moisture of articular cartilages is essential for their function, and describe the pathological changes that occur when these cartilages get dehydrated.

Which choice below shows a correct order of events during development? Gastrula, blastula, neural tube closure, and primary vesicle formation. Blastula, neuroepithelial cell proliferation, axonogenesis and synapse maturation. Gastrula, dendritogenesis, neural tube closure and synapse formation. Neural tube closure, notochord formation, dendritogenesis and synapse formation. Axonogenesis, neuronal migration, synapse maturation, synaptic specialization