Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Bartleby Related Questions Icon

Related questions

Question

Image

The primary medium for free energy storage in living cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The hydrolysis of ATP releases its stored energy to be used in metabolic cycles. The
standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP has the value AG° = -30.5kJ.
In the cell, however, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not the ones for standard conditions, thus, the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP under intracellular
conditions (AGp) differs from the standard free-energy change, AG°'. For example, in human erythrocytes AGhydrolisis = -51.8kJ.
The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous
ADP³-(aq) + HPO, (aq) + H+(aq) = AT Pª- (aq) + H2O(l)
AG = -AGhydrolisis
4
Cells couple ATP production with the metabolism of glucose (sugar), since its oxidation releases free Gibbs energy
C6 H1206(aq) + 602(g) = 6. CO2(g)+. 6. H20(I)
AG = -2872kJ
The reaction of 1 molecule of glucose leads to the formation of 38 molecules of ATP from ADP. Show how the coupling makes this reaction spontaneous. What fraction of the
free energy release in the oxidation of glucose is stored in the ATP?
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:The primary medium for free energy storage in living cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The hydrolysis of ATP releases its stored energy to be used in metabolic cycles. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP has the value AG° = -30.5kJ. In the cell, however, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not the ones for standard conditions, thus, the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP under intracellular conditions (AGp) differs from the standard free-energy change, AG°'. For example, in human erythrocytes AGhydrolisis = -51.8kJ. The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous ADP³-(aq) + HPO, (aq) + H+(aq) = AT Pª- (aq) + H2O(l) AG = -AGhydrolisis 4 Cells couple ATP production with the metabolism of glucose (sugar), since its oxidation releases free Gibbs energy C6 H1206(aq) + 602(g) = 6. CO2(g)+. 6. H20(I) AG = -2872kJ The reaction of 1 molecule of glucose leads to the formation of 38 molecules of ATP from ADP. Show how the coupling makes this reaction spontaneous. What fraction of the free energy release in the oxidation of glucose is stored in the ATP?
Expert Solution
Check Mark
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY