The membrane potential across a cell membrane can be thought of as a "blend" or weighted average of  a. the concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the extracellular fluid  b. the concetrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the cytoplasm  c. the concentrations of all permeable ions in the cytoplasm  d. the membrane potenial before and after the action potential  e. None of the above answer choices correctly completes the sentence

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.