Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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The membrane potential across a cell membrane can be thought of as a "blend" or weighted average of
a. the concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the extracellular fluid
b. the concetrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the cytoplasm
c. the concentrations of all permeable ions in the cytoplasm
d. the membrane potenial before and after the action potential
e. None of the above answer choices correctly completes the sentence
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- Could some one explain the correct answer for the question in the drop down boxarrow_forwardFill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside Insidearrow_forwardWhat is the most important thing, i.e. what has the biggest impact of determining the resting membrane potential of a cell?arrow_forward
- Which of the following Ca++ ion channels removes calcium ions from the cytoplasm of the cell? 1. voltage-gated Ca++ channels 2. Na+/Ca++ active transport pumps 3. Ca++ uniporter 4. Na+/Ca++ exchanger Group of answer choices (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 2, and 3 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 2, 3, and 4 (E) 3 and 4arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about the resting membrane potential of cells (in other words, the electrochemical gradient of a cell at rest). 1. In regards to Na+ and K+, what is the ionic gradient of these ions across the plasma membrane? 2. What is the electrical charge just inside the plasma membrane and just outside the plasma membrane of a cell at rest? 3. What maintains this electrochemical gradient?arrow_forwardName at least one similarity and at least one difference between the following (it may help to review the definitions of the terms using the glossary):A. Symport and antiportb. Active transport and passive transportC. Membrane potential and electrochemical gradientD. Pump and transporterE. Axon and telephone wireF. Solute and ionarrow_forward
- What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions into a cell. The intracellular [Ca2+] is 1 μM and extracellular [Ca2+] is 1 mM. Assume a membrane potential of -100 mV and T=25°C. Give your answer without units to one decimal place.arrow_forwardone reason active transport has a limited maximum transport rate at which it can progress is due to the fact that a. energy required is not available inside the cell b. carrier proteins are not on the surface of the cell membrane c. ion channels are limited in size d. the number of carrier proteins is limited and therefore they can become saturatedarrow_forwardList the steps involved in neurotransmitter release starting with depolarization and ending with exoctosis. Include 1) the relevant channel and dynamics of the transmembrane domains and subunits; 2) ionic movements; 3) the various stages of the vesicles and the proteins involved as well as their configurations. There are 4 main steps that you should include.arrow_forward
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