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Concentrate on lead element. All isotopes are listed in the table. Isotope masses are listed in AMU (atomic mass unit) and value of AMU is given in Physical Constants section below this document together with other physical constants.
An ionizing laser is directed onto the lead block under test such that the ionized atoms (or isotopes) leaves the lead block with an initial kinetic energy of 1 eV. The direction is conically upward but sure that the cone is larger than the entrance hole to the accelerator section. The ionized isotopes are in form. That is only a single electron is missing in lead ions. The number of ionized isotopes entering into the accelerator region corresponds to a ion current.
These ions are accelerated with a constant DC voltage in the acceleration chamber which is in the form of two parallel metal plates that have a hole in both bottom and top.
Then the ions enter to velocity selector region. In this region both electric and magnetic fields are applied. Next they enter into the mass spectrometer region. In this region there is magnetic field different than the previous region. Depending of the charge of the ions, they travel in a circular path with a well-defined radius either to the left or to the right.
Physical Constants:
1 AMU=1.66×10^(-27) kg
m_neutron=1.67×10^(-27) kg
Q_e=1.60×10^(-19) Coulombs
1 eV=1.60×10^(-19) joules
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