The marks a spot of dead myocardial cells. How does this change the depolarization and muscle contraction patterns in specific locations of the heart?

The role of calcium currents in cardiac contractile cells is to .  The role of calcium currents in cardiac conductive cells is to .    Choose between: release neurotransmitter, bring the membrane potential to threshold, initiate action potential, prolong action potential, terminate action potential

The cardiac action potential is substantially longer than a neuron potential due to: spontaneous depolarization Ca++ entry gap junctions myocardial contractility

what is the clinical term for the esffect on heart activity when adrenalin binds to receptors of cardiac sinoatrial nodal cell

Congestive Heart Failure Why is this related to a valve or ventricular insufficiency? Where does the blood back up when it can't get out of the left ventricle?

Explain how the blood volume in the left ventricle changes throughout the cardiac cycle in response to changes in left atrial pressure, left ventricular pressure, and aortic pressure. Start with the relaxation of the ventricle at the beginning of diastole.

Explain how the ventricular volume changes during Systole 3 and why (explain the sequence of events in all heart chambers, valves, and pressure changes in the heart chambers/blood vessels during systole 3)

The input and exit valves to the ventricles are located in a superior position to the lumen.  What challenges does this create during the cardiac cycle relative to a normal pump where the exit valves would be on the opposite side (inferior) to the input?

As blood in the great arteries ricochets back against the closed semilunar valves, the second heart sound ("dupp") can be heard. Why does this heart sound occur towards the end of the T wave in an ECG?

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