The manager of a firm at t=0 has to decide whether to liquidate or to continue. If he decides to continue in t=1, the value of the firm assets will be Va= €140 million assuming business recovers. Nevertheless, the most likely scenario ((1-p) = 85%) is that the company sales will continue declining. Then, company assets will be valued only at Vẞ = €78 million. At what debt value, we see an inefficiency case because Managers' Aversion to Liquidation. a. $60 million O b. None * C. $100 million d. $80 million Your answer is incorrect. The correct answer is: $100 million
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- H3. The value of HILEV firm at the end of one year can be $50 m or $100 m with equal probability of 0.5. The firm has debt with a face value of $50 m that matures in one year. Assume that investors are risk-neutral and the risk free rate is zero. The CEO of the firm decides to substitute assets of the firm with more risky assets immediately, so that the value of the firm at the end of one year is either $30 m or $120 m with equal probability of 0.5. This asset substitution will lead to A. A gain of $10 million for stockholders and a loss of $10 million for bondholders B. A loss of $10 million for stockholders and a gain of $10 million for bondholders C. No gain or loss to debtholders or equity holders D. Both debtholders and equity holders will lose $10 million from the increased risk of the business Show proper step by step calculationSuppose the profitable company, Hermes, Inc., previously calculated its external financing needs (EFN) to be $18,200,000. What will happen to the EFN if management now decides to decrease the dividend payout ratio from 35.00% to 25.00%? (1) It will increase to some value greater than $18,200,000. (2) It will fall to some value lower than $18,200,000. (3) It will remain at $18,200,000. (4) The answer depends on Hermes, Inc.’s growth rate in sales. (5) The answer depends on Hermes, Inc.’s profit margin.David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.
- The FCFE (free cash flow to the equity) is projected to be $0.3 billion forever, the cost of equity equals 15% and the WACC is 10%. If the market value of the debt is $1.0 billion, what is the value of the equity using the free cash flow valuation approach? The firm does not have any short-term investments that are unrelated to operations. O $2 billion ⒸS3 billion $4 billion $1 billionYou are the financial controller of Pack West (Pty) Ltd. Your company is experiencing difficulties with their cash flows owing to the Covid-19 uncertainty. At the end of April 2022, you noticed that the total sales of the company keep decreasing while the total cost are relatively stable, and you are worried that the company will not have sufficient funds to pay the salaries of R50 000 for April.You have the following historical information at your disposal:Total sales were R125 000 in January, R115 000 in February, and R110 000 and R95 000 for March and April, respectively. Historical information shows that 70% of the total sales are for cash and the debtors pay as follows:50% of the total debt one month after the sale, 30% in the following month and 20% in the third month after the sale.The total purchases for January were R100 000, R110 000 in February, and R100 000 and R105 000 for March and April, respectively. 30% of the total purchases are paid in cash and the rest of the…1) A firm that is currently unlevered has WACC = rS = 10%/year. This company plans to do a recapitalization by issuing debt and repurchasing equity. After the recapitalization, the debt-to-equity (D/E) ratio will be 0.5. If the cost of debt, rD, is 6%, what will be rS after the recapitalization? 2) A firm with wD = 0.35 and wS = 0.65 plans to issue another $100 million of permanent debt. The firm's tax rate is 21%. The bonds will be issued at par with coupon rate = rD = 7%/year. The firm's WACC is 11%/year. By how much will the new debt change the value of the firm, and who will receive this value? A) Firm value will increase by $21 million, and all $21 million will go to the shareholders B) Firm value will increase by $9 million, and 35% will go to the bondholders, 65% to the shareholders C) Firm value will increase by $18.6 million, and 35% will go to the bondholders, 65% to the stockholders D) Firm value will increase by $21 million, and all $21 million will go to the…
- Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow. A company is under pressure from influential shareholders to change its dividend policy. The company has always followed the residual dividend policy, but the influential shareholders feel that the company needs to change to a stable pay-out ratio policy. The company just reported earnings of R232m for the year ended 31 March 2024. The company is considering the following investment opportunities for the upcoming financial year: Investment opportunity A BUD C E Cost R72m R62m R110m R96m R48m Internal rate of return 14.28% 13.03% 15.67% 16.01% 13.79% The company's cost of capital is 13.5% and its target capital structure is represented by a debt-to-assets ratio of 40%. The company has 28m ordinary shares outstanding.7. You work for the CEO of a new company that plans to manufacture and sell a new product, a watch that has an embedded TV set and a magnifying glass erystal. The issue now is how to finance the company, with only equity or with a mix of debt and equity. Expected operating income is S540,000. Other data for the firm are shown below. How much higher or lower will the firm's expected ROE be ifit uses some debt rather than all equity, i.e., what is ROEL. - ROEU? Do not round your intermediate calculations. 0% Deht, U Oper. income (EBIT) Required investment S540,000 $2,500,000 0.0% 60% Debt, L S540,000 $2,500,000 % Debt S of Debt S of Common equity 60.0% S0.00 $1,500,000 S1,000,000 $2,500,000 NA 35% Interest rate 10.00% Tax rate 35% a. 10.74% b. 13.57% c. 14.14% d. 11.88% e. 11.31%The returns from a project are normally distributed with a mean of OMR 225,000 and a standard deviation of OMR 160,000. If the project loses more than OMR 75,000 the company will be made insolvent. (a) What is the probability of staying in business?
- (Use the following information for the next three questions). Consider a world with taxes but no other market imperfections. BLT machinery has a debt to equity ratio of 2/3. Its cost of equity is 20%, cost of debt is 4%, and tax rate is 35%. Assume that the risk-free rate is 4%, and market risk premium is 8%. Suppose the firm repurchases stock and finances the repurchase with debt, causing its debt to equity ratio to change to 3/2. What is the firm's new cost of equity? None of the choices New cost of equity is 26.05% New cost of equity is 23.59% New cost of equity is 16.32% New cost of equity is 28.00%The Ashwood Company has a long-term debt ratio of 0.50 and a current ratio of 1.60. Current liabilities are $970, sales are $5,175, profit margin is 9.80 percent, and ROE is 17.60 percent. What is the amount of the firm's net fixed assets? Hint: This is another complex problem that requires a number of steps. Remember that CA + NFA=TA. So, if you find CA and TA, then you can solve for NFA Helpful Equations: Long-term debt ratio - LTD/(LTD + TE) CR-CA/CL PM-NI / Sales ROE-NI/TE O $3,851.53 O $3,601.92 O $5,181.07 O $6.733.07 O $2.881.53Apex Corporation’s economic unit estimates that the probability of a good business environment next year is equal to the probability of a bad environment. Knowing that, the managers of Apex must choose between two mutually exclusive projects, project A and project B, which will provide the only assets of the firm. Apex has outstanding a zero coupon bond with a face value of $300m, maturing next year, when the project chosen will have its only payoff. The firm has currently available cash of $200m. Project A requires an initial investment of $100m, while project B requires $200m; final payoffs one year from now are: State of the economy: Good. Bad Probability: 1/2 1/2 Project A 400m 300m Project B 800m. 50m