The management of Choices Inc. can pay bonuses for customer service staff based on feedback scores or based on reversed cancellations. Good feedback and reversed cancellations both generate $12,000 in additional profit for the company. A hard-working employab has a 75% chance of getting a positive score, but only a 50% chance of reversing a cancellation. If the employee fails to put in full effort, then the likelihood of a positive score or a reversed cancellation is, in both cases, 25%. Assume an employee's utility function for income w is u(w) sqrt(w), and the effort cost from working hard (in utility units) is 10. With a base wage of 10,000, how much more profitable is Choices Inc. with bonuses based on feedback, instead of reversed cancellations? (L.e. what is the difference in profit if the manager always offers the smallest bonus that will induce the employee to work hard?) $3,000 O$4,500 $9,000 $12,000
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- A risk-neutral worker can choose Low or High effort. The manager cannot observe the worker's action, but the manager can observe the realized revenue for the firm (either $300 or $500). Low Effort Cost for worker= $0 Probability Low Revenue ($300)=80% Probability High Revenue ($500)=20% High Effort Cost for worker= $40 Probability Low Revenue ($300)=40% Probability High Revenue ($500)=60% Instead of offering a flat wage, the manager is trying a new payment scheme. The manager is currently offering to the worker a payment equal to 40% of the revenue of the firm. Given this payment, the firm's expected profit will beConsider the following example. A risk-neutral worker can choose high or low effort. The worker's outside option is 0. The manager cannot observe the worker's action, but the manager can observe the realized revenue for the firm (either $100 or $200). The probability of each revenue depends on the worker's effort: Low effort: cost of effort : $0 probability of low revenue ($100): 75% probability of high revenue ($200) : 25% High effort: cost of effort : $11 probability of low revenue ($100): 25% probability of high revenue ($200) : 75% The manager offers a contract which gives the worker a flat wage of $10 and a bonus of $20 if revenue is high. Given this payment scheme, the worker will put in ✓effort. The contract (is/is not) ✓incentive compatible. The firm's expected profit is $ The firm is considering an investment that would increase worker morale. By making work more enjoyable, the program would reduce the worker's cost of effort from $11 to $9. If it costs the firm $20 to…A principal is considering hiring a lawyer to represent him or her in a lawsuit. The principal gets $ 250 000 if the suit is won and $0 otherwise. If the agent works hard (100 hours), there is a 50% chance that the principal will win the suit. If the agent does not work hard (10 hours), there is a 15% chance that the principal will win the suit. Without a lawyer, the principal is sure to lose the suit. The principal can monitor the agent, and both parties are risk neutral. The agent's utility function is m-50e, where m is money in dollars and e is effort in hours. The agent's fee for this case is $100 per hour, and the outside opportunity is worth $500. Write down the game in extensive form and solve it.
- A risk-neutral plaintiff in a lawsuit must decide whether to settle a claim or go to trial. The defendants offer $50,000 to settle now. If the plaintiff does not settle, the plaintiff believes that the probability of winning at trial is 50% if the plaintiff wins, the amount awarded to the plaintiff is X Will the plaintif settle if x is $62,500? What if X-$250,000? What is the critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between setting and going to trial? it the plaintiff were risk averse instead of risk neutral, would this critical value of X be higher or lower? If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $62,500, then the plaintiff would settle If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $250,000, then the plaintiff would not settle The critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial is $ (Enter your response using rounded to wo decimal places)The table below shows that a sales agent can work with either low, or high amount of effort. Low effort generates$30,000, $60,000 or $100,000 profit (with probability given below), while high effort generates 60,000; 100,000 or 150, 000 (with probability given below) depending on some random factors. Bad luck (P=0.3) Medium luck (P=0.3) Good luck (P=0.4) Low effort (a=0) $30,000 $60,000 $100,000 High effort (a=1) $60,000 $100,000 $150,000 The cost of low effort is 0 and the cost of high effort is $10,000 (Formally, c=$10,000a). The net wage is wage minus cost of effort and the net profit is total profit minus wage. Suppose the firm offers the repair person a fixed wage of 13,000, what will be the net wage of the repair person and the net profit of the owner? Suppose now the owner offers the repair person the following bonus arrangement What will be the net wage of the repair person? What will be the net profit of the owner? Specify…A risk-eutral plaintiff in a lawsuit must decide whether to settle a claim or go to trial. The defendants offer $70,000 to settle now. If the plaintiff does not settle, the plaintiff believes that the probability of winning at trial is 40%. If the plaintiff wins, the amount awarded to the plaintiff is X. Will the plaintiff settle if X is $87,500? What if X= $280,000? What is the critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial? If the plaintiff were risk averse instead of risk neutral, would this critical value of X be higher or lower? If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $87,500, then the plaintiff would settle If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $280,000, then the plaintiff would not settle The critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial is $. (Enter your response using rounded to two decimal places.)
- A local company has offered a construction job to a contractor. The value of the contract depends on the length of time it takes to complete the project. If the project is completed on time, there is a profit of $140,000. If the contractor is late finishing the project, he will lose $20,000. Weather is the sole determinant of whether the project would be late. If the weather is good, the project would be completed on time; if it is bad, the project will not be completed on schedule. Based on his past experience the contractor's subjective probability of good weather is 50 percent. The contractor, however, has an opportunity to buy a long-range forecast report at the cost of $10,000 from an independent weather- forecasting company. The weather forecasting company has a fairly good track record for these long-range forecasts. Its files indicate that 70% of the time it successfully predicted good weather, and 80 percent of the time it was able to predict bad weather. In other words,…A real estate developer must decide on a plan for developing a certain piece of property. After careful consideration, the developer has two acceptable alternatives: residential proposal or commercial proposal. The main factor or state of nature that will influence the profitability of the development is whether or not a shopping center is built close by and the size of the shopping center. There is a 20% chance of no center being built, a 50% chance of a medium shopping center built, and a 30% chance of a large shopping center. If the developer selects the residential proposal and no center is built, he has a further set of options: do nothing $400,000 payoff; build a small shopping center himself $700,000 payoff; or put in a park resulting in $800,000 payoff. Should a medium shopping center be built nearby, his payoff for residential would be $1,600,000 and large shopping center results in a $1,200,000 payoff. If the developer selects the commercial proposal and no center is…A risk-neutral manager is attempting to hire a worker. All workers in the market are of identical quality but differ with respect to the wage at which they are willing to work. Suppose half of the workers in the labor market are willing to work for a salary of $40,000 and half will accept a salary of $38,000. The manager spends three hours interviewing a given worker and values this time at $300. The first worker the manager interviews says he will work only if paid $40,000. Should the firm manager make him an offer or interview another worker?
- Paul is interested in hiring a computer programmer for his firm. He can either search for a potential employee himself or hire a head-hunter firm to find the employee for him. If he searches himself, there is a 30% chance of not hiring the right person for the job. In contrast, the head- hunter will always find the right match. If the right person is not found for the job, the value of the programming is only RM5,000 compared to RM40,000 for the right person. Paul's risk aversion is represented by a logarithmic utility function. What is the maximum amount Paul would be willing to pay the head-hunter? (a) RM 29,500.00 (b) RM 21,375.48 (c) RM 18,624.52Wayne Enterprises had several salespersons that worked for a contract salary. To encourage them to make more sales, Wayne offered a $5,000 bonus to the salesperson who had the highest total dollar value the following month. That next month, Wendy had the highest sales. When Wendy received her next paycheck, there was no bonus. If Wendy sues Wayne to recover the $5,000 bonus, the likely result will be A. Wendy will lose because she already had a contract so there was no consideration B. Wendy will win because the offer of a bonus for high sales constituted consideration because it entailed additional performance by both parties C. Wendy will lose unless the promise was in writing. D. Wendy will win because of moral considerationBPO Services is in the business of digitizing information from forms that are filled out by hand. In 2006, a big client gave BPO a distribution of the forms that it digitized in house last year, and BPO estimated how much it would cost to digitize each form. Form Type Mix of Forms Form Cost A 0.5 $3.00 B 0.5 $1.00 The expected cost of digitizing a form is . Suppose the client and BPO agree to a deal, whereby the client pays BPO to digitize forms. The price of each form processed is equal to the expected cost of the form that you calculated in the previous part of the problem. Suppose that after the agreement, the client sends only forms of type A. The expected digitization cost per form of the forms sent by the client is . This leads to an expected loss of per form for BPO. (Hint: Do not round your answers. Enter the loss as a positive number.)