The following questions are related to questions 18 to 19: Does taking large amounts of vitamins protect against cancer? To study this question, researchers enrolled 29,000 Finnish men, all smokers over the age of 50. Half of the men, selected at random, took vitamin supplements, and others took a dummy pill that has no active ingredient. The researchers followed all the men for eight years. At the end of the study, men in the vitamin group were no less likely to have cancer than men in the other group. This study cast doubt on the popular idea that taking lots of vitamins can reduce the risk of cancer. The study design looked like this: Group 1 14,500 Subjects → (Question A) A) B) C) Group 2 14,500 Subjects categorical variable. nonsampling error. B) C) ↑ 18. Treatment 2 was a dummy pill. Such a dummy treatment is called a Double-blind. placebo. comparative. A) the placebo effect. Treatment 1 Vitamins Treatment 2 7 (Question B) the double-blind technique. the retrospective method 19. In order to avoid unconscious bias, neither the subjects not the doctors who examined them knew whether a particular subject was taking vitamins or dummy pills. This is called D) E) Observe (Question C) D) E) stratified sampling. internal validity.

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition 2012
1st Edition
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 8CR
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Related questions
Question

Please help with questions 18 & 19.

The following questions are related to questions 18 to 19:
Does taking large amounts of vitamins protect against cancer? To study this question,
researchers enrolled 29,000 Finnish men, all smokers over the age of 50. Half of the men,
selected at random, took vitamin supplements, and others took a dummy pill that has no active
ingredient. The researchers followed all the men for eight years. At the end of the study, men in
the vitamin group were no less likely to have canker than men in the other group. This study cast
doubt on the popular idea that taking lots of vitamins can reduce the risk of cancer.
The study design looked like this:
Group 1
14,500 Subjects →→→>
(Question A)
Group 2
14,500 Subjects
categorical variable.
nonsampling error.
B)
C)
->
A) the placebo effect.
Treatment 1
Vitamins
18. Treatment 2 was a dummy pill. Such a dummy treatment is called a
A) Double-blind.
placebo.
B)
comparative.
C)
Treatment 2
(Question B)
the double-blind technique.
the retrospective method
D)
E)
19. In order to avoid unconscious bias, neither the subjects not the doctors who examined
them knew whether a particular subject was taking vitamins or dummy pills. This is
called
7
Observe
(Question C)
D)
E)
stratified sampling.
internal validity.
Transcribed Image Text:The following questions are related to questions 18 to 19: Does taking large amounts of vitamins protect against cancer? To study this question, researchers enrolled 29,000 Finnish men, all smokers over the age of 50. Half of the men, selected at random, took vitamin supplements, and others took a dummy pill that has no active ingredient. The researchers followed all the men for eight years. At the end of the study, men in the vitamin group were no less likely to have canker than men in the other group. This study cast doubt on the popular idea that taking lots of vitamins can reduce the risk of cancer. The study design looked like this: Group 1 14,500 Subjects →→→> (Question A) Group 2 14,500 Subjects categorical variable. nonsampling error. B) C) -> A) the placebo effect. Treatment 1 Vitamins 18. Treatment 2 was a dummy pill. Such a dummy treatment is called a A) Double-blind. placebo. B) comparative. C) Treatment 2 (Question B) the double-blind technique. the retrospective method D) E) 19. In order to avoid unconscious bias, neither the subjects not the doctors who examined them knew whether a particular subject was taking vitamins or dummy pills. This is called 7 Observe (Question C) D) E) stratified sampling. internal validity.
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