The following formulas are commonly used by engineers to predict the lift and drag of an airfoil: where L and Dare the lift and drag forces, V is the airspeed, S is the wing span,  is the air density, and CL and CD are the lift and drag coefficients. Both CL

3. Problem Estimate the frictional resistance Rp for a container ship using the ITTC 1957 model-ship correlation line Equation (2): 0.075 CF [ log,,(Re) – 21 The ship has the following particulars: Full scale ship data length between perpendiculars Lep length in waterline length over wetted surface 195.40 m Lwz Los For the wetted surface S you can use the following formula by Kristensen and Lützen (2012) derived for container ships. 200.35 m 205.65 m breadth B 29.80 m draft T 10.10 m 37085.01 m3 S = 5 + Lw. T 0.995 displacement design speed Again, use the most up-to-date ITTC water properties sheet for density and kinematic viscosity. V 21.00 kn

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2. Casson model was discussed in class in the context of blood rheology. This phenomenological model is often used to describe the shear stress vs. shear rate relationship in colloidal suspensions where particle aggregation might cause the measured viscosity to increase at low shear rates. In an experiment, data for the shear stress and the applied shear rate S were fitted to the Casson model written below (in a slightly different form compared to that given in the lecture notes): √t = √²₁+√as. (1) The best least square fit parameters to the experimental data were found to be 40 mPa for the yield stress to and 2.5 mPa s for the parameter a, which is referred to as the plastic viscosity. a. Using Eq. (1), derive an expression for the fluid viscosity u as a function of S. b. Plot the viscosity of the fluid as a function of S for 0.1s¹ ≤S≤ 10 s¹. c. Based on class discussion on fluid classification, how would you characterize this fluid?