the DNA segment 5′-ATGAGGCATGAGACG-3′(coding strand) 3′-TACTCCGTACTCTGC-5′ (template strand) • What products would be formed from the segment’s replication? • Write the mRNA sequence that would be obtained from the segment’s transcription. • What is the amino acid sequence of the peptide produced from the

How is transcription different in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes? Choose one: • Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes. Eukaryotes transcribe both strands of DNA, while prokaryotes transcribe only one strand. Eukaryotes use RNA polymerase for transcription, while prokaryotes use ribosomes.

Exercise In this exercise we will practice transcribing and translating sample DNA. Using your sample DNA, unzipped and second strand removed, you will first create an RNA strand (transcription). DNA is read in the 5' → 3' direction, so when you create RNA, a 3'end pairs with the 5' end of DNA. From your RNA strand, you will need to create codons; remember that a codon is a group of 3 bases that codes for a specific amino acid. Your codons are read in the 5' → 3' direction (hint: it might be right to left!). You will then need to convert your codons into amino acids in the 5' → 3' direction (translation). DNA strand 3' TAC-TTA-CGA-TGG-TAC-ACG-CAA-TCT-ATA-CTC-AAA-TAT-AGG-ACC-TTG-ACG-TCG-AAT-CTC-CAC-TGT-ACC-TTG-AAC-CTG-ACT 5' RNA strand 5'-AUG-AAU Amino acid sequence G ne (9)

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DNA: 5’-CTCTACTATAAACTCAATAGGTCC-3’ Draw a box around the sequence where RNA polymerase will bind to the DNA. What is this sequence called? Will transcription start at this sequence, to the left of this sequence (“upstream”) or, to the right of this sequence (“downstream”)? Draw a small arrow above the DNA strand where transcription will begin. Which DNA strand will RNA polymerase transcribe? Highlight this strand with your highlighter. (Hint: RNA pol is similar to DNA pol because it can only make new RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Draw in an arrow to show the direction that RNA polymerase will move along the DNA strand.

(1) Give 3 differences between DNA and RNA (2) Give 2 similarities and 2 differences between transcription and replication (3) A DNA strand is 5' TAC ACG GTC TAA3' Write the RNA strand that could be made from the DNA strand. Indicate the 5' and 3' ends For each of the following, say whether they are DNA or protein Enhancer Transcription Factor Promoter RNA polymerase