the development of antibiotics and improved diagnostic procedures have improved the treatment of infectious diseases.

Suggests a New Approach to Developing Antibiotics?

Epidemiologist rely on a set of standard study designs to understand the distribution of 'diseases' and what factors are associated with the presence or absence of disease. Ultimately, the goal is to identify the 'causes' of disease in order to prevent the disease in the future. In modern epidemiology, disease is defined broadly, and can range from infectious diseases (e.g., malaria, HIV), chronic diseases (e.g., heart attack, stroke, diabetes), injuries (e.g., car accidents, homicide), or even social conditions (e.g., poverty). Exposures too may be defined as anything proposed as a potential cause (or correlate) of the disease. For this exercise, briefly outline a hypothetical study to investigate a potential exposure/disease relationship. You may draw on your own experience or choose a topic that is of interest to you. After choosing a topic to study, select an appropriate study design from the list below. Cross-sectional study Cohort study Case-control study Ecological study…

Are there concerning or promising news on finding new drugs and antibacterial agents that can help us fight infectious diseases in the future?

Which of the following describes a primary prevention approach? A) Vaccination of children, adults and the elderly B) Nutritional and food supplementation C) Dental hygiene education and oral health services D) All of the above

An advantage of a point-of-care (POC) test is that effective antibiotic therapy can begin without a delay of waiting for off-site laboratory results. detection of multiple infections is more likely. clinicians are able to diagnose diseases based on clinical signs and symptoms alone. health care workers have a lower risk of exposure to pathogens.

How can an understanding of the human microbiome contribute to innovative strategies for health promotion and disease prevention?

Which of the following statements is incorrect?   a. Epidemiologists need to focus on evidence and data concerning diseases or other health outcomes, and not on their personal opinions or beliefs   b. Many of the historical figures in epidemiology did not have a formal background in epidemiology or public health   c. It is not possible for epidemiologists to function in the absence of sophisticated computers, software, high speed internet, and well-equipped labs.   d. In addition to understanding acute infectious diseases, epidemiology also examines risk factors for chronic and/or non-infectious health conditions including mental health issues, substance use, cancers, cardiovascular conditions, and the implications of trauma, violence, and systemic racism.

Give an example of the “epidemiological paradox.”

Describe the different ways a disease can be transmitted? What impact do we have as human that can support the control of transmission? What tactics, skills and/or techniques will you implement going forward to help control the transmission of microbes in your daily life?