The current server memory modules (DIMMs) employ SEC/DED ECC to protect each 64-bit data block with eight parity bits, as stated in Section 5.5. Determine the cost-to-performance ratio of this code in comparison to the code in 5.9.1 and report your findings. In this scenario, the term "cost" refers to the relative amount of parity bits that are needed, while the term "performance" relates to the relative number of errors that may be corrected. Which one is more advantageous?

I have a little bit problem with my late quiz for computer architecture, I get the answer from my lecturer but I still don't feel fully understand, can I ask for some help: In a computer system, the memory has 32 blocks and the cache has 8 blocks. Assume there is only one word per block with 4 bytes in one word. The reference sequence in terms of word location is 0, 2, 4, 10, 5, 12, 8, 18, 13. If the cache is direct-mapped, how many misses do we have if the cache is initially empty? Can you give the hit or miss for each reference?

In an Additional-Reference-Bits LRU Approximation Algorithm, each page has an 8-bit shift register. The bit associated with each page referenced is set (to 1) by the hardware. These 8-bit shift registers contain the history of page use for the last eight time periods. The register value of the 8 pages are as given: 1. 00100010 2. 11000100 3. 00010111 4. 11100111 5. 11110111 6. 10000011 7. 01010111 8. 00000011 Which page will be replaced by the LRU Approximation Algorithm last? Which page will be replaced by the LRU Approximation Algorithm first?

For a computer with 56-bit physical addresses and a 8-way set associative cache of 64 KB where each cache line has the capacity of holding 32 words. Assume the word size is 3 and the architecture is byte-addressable. Answer the questions below: a.How many bits are needed for tag, index, word offset, and byte offs. Show your derivations and assumptions. b.What are the start and end physical addresses, in hex as discussed in class, for cache line 300? Cache line count starts from 0. c.What is the total size, in KB, of this cache? d.What is the tag value, in hex, of address 0xABCDEF98765432?

Consider a DRAM chip of capacity 256 KB and each memory location contains 8 bits. The memory chip is organized in matrix form with equal number of rows and column for each memory location of 8 bits. This DRAM chip has a refresh interval of 64 ms, memory bus runs at 200 MHz, and the refresh cycle takes 4 clock cycle. a) Time required to refresh the DRAM chip. b) What is the minimum size of the refresh counter?

Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access/transfer time of 50 ms. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 500 ns per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added a TLB that reduces access time to one memory reference if the page-table entry is in the TLB. Assume that 80% of the accesses are in the TLB and that, of those remaining, 15% (or 3% of the total) cause page faults. We assume that the TLB access time is 20 ns. What is the effective access time?