The crowding-out effect stresses that an increase in government expenditures will stimulate aggregate demand and, thereby, help to prevent recessions. an increase in taxés will restrain aggregate demand and, thereby, help to control inflation. additional government borrowing to finance a larger deficit will increase the demand for loanable funds, causing real interest rates to rise. a budget deficit is a highly effective tool with which to combat recessions. O both a and d are correct.

Suppose the government, in an effort to avoid an increase in the deficit, votes for a budget neutral tax cut policy. Assume the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is equal to 0.75 and taxes are cut by $15 billion. Round answers to the nearest billion, and specify decreases as a negative number. By how much will government spending change? change in government spending: $ What is the resulting change in the equilibrium level of real GDP? change in equilibrium level of real GDP: $ billion billion

a) What are the three fiscal policy tools and how would each be used to counter a contractionary gap?   b) True or False and explain: Fiscal Policy is effective at reducing the duration of an economic contraction.   c) True or False and explain: Households always react to tax changes in a predictable manner.

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In the figure above, assume that output is $10.5 trillion, while potential output is $12 trillion.  If a fiscal stimulus package is implemented quickly, raising output to $12 trillion, while  inflation remains constant at one percent, then the figure implies that the real interest rate will  be ________ percent.  A) 1.5  B) zero  C) one  D) 0.5  E) 2.5

Question 2In the basic Keynesian model, fiscal policy should not cause an increase in the public debt. However, in this course you have learnt that most national governments have accumulated public debt by mis-using the Keynesian model. The worst example cited is that of Greece. Explain why governments find it difficult if not impossible to use fiscal policy without accumulating debt. Explain how discretionary fiscal policy is different from automatic stabilizers. Which one is the more likely to cause the debt accumulation problem in part A? Explain why a foreign debt is worse than a domestic debt.

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