THE CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY PATHWAYS IN COLON CANCER Provide exmaples of genes  give evidence

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: Describe the nature of p53 reactivation as acancer-fighting strategy

A: Cancer is a condition that arises due to uncontrolled cell division.

Q: What is the definition of Driver Mutations & Passenger Mutations? Also describe why each are…

A: A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can occur as a result of errors in…

Q: PYK gene codes for the expression of pyruvate kinase, which is one of the enzymes targeted for…

A: Pyruvate kinase is the final enzyme in the glycolytic pathway which ultimately forms  pyruvate from…

Q: Can we identify general featurescommon to all cancer cells—such astheir production of misfolded,…

A: Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The…

Q: How might genomic information be helpful for the effective use of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in…

A: Imatinib mesylate is a drug used for the treatment of myeloid leukemia that is caused due to…

Q: Describe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert aproto-oncogene to an oncogene.…

A: The genetic alteration results in the advantage in growth of the cell. The 3 genetic change…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: Describe three common ways that tumor-suppressor genes aresilenced.

A: Tumour suppressor genes are genes that can decrease the rate of cell division and growth. In the…

Q: In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: The development of colon cancer is particularly well- studied, and often has a predictable order of…

A: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 1/3 most frequent cancer in men and the 2nd most frequent cancer in…

Q: Briefly describe how mitotic recombination can result in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at tumor…

A: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is the loss of one parent's contribution to cell and can be caused by…

Q: The human genes that convey a susceptibility to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer are genes…

A: Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is a genetic…

Q: Identify the two general functions of the proteins encoded bytumor-suppressor genes.

A: Gene is the unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offsprings. Proto-oncogenes are…

Q: MSH2 is a gene commonly associated with HNPCC (Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). This gene…

A: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, is an inherited…

Q: How does constitutively active Ras promote cancer?

A: In physiology carcinogenesis is known as the production of cancerous cells or tumor cells by…

Q: ''The chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthra-cene (DMBA) must be an extraordinarily specific…

A: Abnormal growth of skin cells when exposed to sunlight causes skin cancer. They are originated from…

Q: Describe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cells

A: Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death, which is important for the…

Q: Please explain the role of gene expression in the process of a stem cell differentiating into a…

A: Gene expression is the process of central dogma where protein is formed from DNA. Stem cells have…

Q: Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please…

A: KRAS gene is a gene present on the short arm of chromosome 12 that is responsible for the formation…

Q: Describe how the generation of functional beta cells from stem cells requires an extensive knowledge…

A: Beta cells produce insulin, a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose (a form of sugar) in the…

Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…

A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…

Q: compare and explain which genes from these from the CIN,MSI,CIMP pathways have the strongest links…

A: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide. Colorectal cancer…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: Briefly describe two different ways in which intragenic suppressors can reverse the effects of…

A: The second mutation that partially or wholly reverses the phenotypic or genotypic effects of an…

Q: In the experiment below, mice were treated with a virus that inhibited expression of angiopoietin 2,…

A: MMP stands for matrix metalloproteinase is a multi-functional factor that plays a crucial role in…

Q: Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.

A: p53 protein gets activated when there is a damage in  DNA sequence which can be induced by any other…

Q: What characteristics of the pedigree suggest that pancreatic cancer in this family is inherited as…

A: Introduction  Pedigree Analysis: This is the new approach to study the inheritance pattern in the…

Q: Define about this- Cancer Cells Contain GeneticDefects Affecting Genomic Stability ?

A: Cancer is a condition when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and migrate to other bodily…

Q: xplain the data below and why knockout of Angpt2, MMP3 and MMP10 appears to inhibit metstastasis.

A: MMP stands for matrix metalloproteinase is a multi-functional factor that plays a crucial role in…

Q: How does the activity of human p53 get regulated through the interaction of the transactivation…

A: p53 is basically a transcription factor that helps in suppressing the growth of the tumor. This…

Q: Even though cancer genomes are overall hypomethylated, explain in detail some genes are…

A: introduction: The study of changes in gene expression and DNA sequencing between cancer cells and…

Q: Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor…

A: Viruses are infectious agents. They can only replicate inside the living cells. Viruses can infect…

Q: Do you think there are more unique alleles of p53 that lead to cancer or more unique alleles of Ras…

A:

Q: Briefly describe the structural variability of cancer genomes.

A: The loss or drift may result in the occurrence of cancer in breast cancer. Breast cancer is define…

Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.

A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…

Q: Under normal physiological conditions, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors help control cell…

A: A significant contrast among the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from…

Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…

A: Proto-oncogenes are a bunch of normal genes present in a cell. They have the necessary information…

Q: Briefly outline how the Philadelphia chromosome leads to chronic myelogenous leukemia.

A: Most tumors contain cells with ‘chromosomal mutation”. There are mainly three types of chromosomal…

Q: Explain whether a cancercausing mutation in a tumorsuppressor gene, such as p53,is more likely to be…

A: Tumor suppressor gene regulates a cell during the cell division and replication. If cells grows…