Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
The blotting technique used to
identify the isolated protein is ________
A. Northern blotting
B. Western blotting
C. Southern blotting
D. Cloning
Proteins are the type of macromolecules that are synthesized in the cytoplasm during the process of translation. Amino acids are the structural and functional unit of proteins.
In blotting technique, protein, RNA, and DNA molecules are transferred to a carrier to separate them on the basis of their properties like charge and mass followed by transfer to a membrane for their identification.
Explanation of all the options:
A. Northern blotting: In this blotting technique, RNA molecules are separated on a solid support and further identified on the membrane. Therefore, it is an incorrect option.
B. Western blotting: In this blotting technique, protein molecules are separated on a solid support and further identified on the membrane. Therefore, it is the correct option.
C. Southern blotting: In this blotting technique, DNA molecules are separated on a solid support and further identified on the membrane. Therefore, it is an incorrect option.
D. Cloning: It is the technique of production of a DNA molecule using different sources that have all the desired genes. This technique is different from blotting. Therefore, it is an incorrect option.
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