The backfill behind a retaining wall, located above the water table, consists of a sand of unit weight 19 kN/m³. The height of the wall is 8 m and the surface of the backfill is horizontal. Determine the total active thrust on the wall according to the Rankine theory if c'=0 and q'=38. If the wall is prevented from yielding, what is the approximate value of the thrust on the wall?

digit number qs=19

The following figure shows a section of an anchored retaining wall embedded into a saturated stiff clay layer. The sand has a unit weight of = 18 kN/m³, c' = 0 kPa and o' = 34º. The clay has a unit weight of = 20 kN/m³, c₁ = 80 kPa and = 0°. A uniform pressure of 40 kPa is applied on the soil surface. The short term stability of the wall is considered in an undrained analysis. Use the Rankin's theory of lateral earth pressure to determine the active and passive horizontal stresses. You should apply the requirements of AS 4678 and the partial factors of safety method in estimation of soil pressures. Assume the soil is in-situ and use a structural classification factor of ₁ = 1. 3m 1m Water table 1.5m 40 kPa Not to Scale Sand Clay Ta

A thin clay layer passes through the soil at an angle of 30° behind an 8m high gravity retaining wall. A structure 5m wide, applying a uniform stress of 40kPa to the sandy soil, also acts on this section of soil as shown in Figure 3.1. The properties of the clay are ??=25???, ∅?=0, ?′=0 and ∅′=20°. The sandy soil properties are ?′=0, ∅′=35°, ????=16??/?2, ????=20??/?2, and between the sand and the wall the properties are ?′?=0 and ∅′?=30°. Assuming that failure occurs along the clay layer, use Coulomb’s method to calculate the horizontal force required from the wall in the short term to prevent slip.