Text data typically have high-frequency words such as "the", "a", and "in": they may even occur billions of times in very large corpora. However, these words often co-occur with many different words in context windows, providing little useful signals. For instance, consider the word "chip" in a context window: intuitively its co-occurrence with a low-frequency word "intel" is more useful in training than the co-occurrence with a high-frequency word "a". Moreover, training with vast amounts of (high-frequency) words is slow. Thus, when training word embedding models, high- frequency words can be subsampled (Mikolov et al., 2013b). Specifically, each indexed word w; in the dataset will be discarded with probability P(w;) = max 1- ,0 f(w;) (14.3.1) where f(ur) is the ratio of the number of words w; to the total number of words in the dataset, and the constant t is a hyperparameter (10-4 in the experiment). We can see that only when the relative frequency f(w) > t can the (high-frequency) word w; be discarded, and the higher the relative frequency of the word, the greater the probability of being discarded.
Text data typically have high-frequency words such as "the", "a", and "in": they may even occur billions of times in very large corpora. However, these words often co-occur with many different words in context windows, providing little useful signals. For instance, consider the word "chip" in a context window: intuitively its co-occurrence with a low-frequency word "intel" is more useful in training than the co-occurrence with a high-frequency word "a". Moreover, training with vast amounts of (high-frequency) words is slow. Thus, when training word embedding models, high- frequency words can be subsampled (Mikolov et al., 2013b). Specifically, each indexed word w; in the dataset will be discarded with probability P(w;) = max 1- ,0 f(w;) (14.3.1) where f(ur) is the ratio of the number of words w; to the total number of words in the dataset, and the constant t is a hyperparameter (10-4 in the experiment). We can see that only when the relative frequency f(w) > t can the (high-frequency) word w; be discarded, and the higher the relative frequency of the word, the greater the probability of being discarded.
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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