Table 4. Transduction Plates Result Plate Number of colonies E. coli-only nagC phage only rpoA phage only nagC + E. coli repeat 1 nagC + E. coli repeat 24 nagC + E. coli repeat 2 rpoA + E. coli repeat 1¹ rpoA + E. coli repeat-2< rpoA + E. coli-repeat-34¹ Buffer only I ܢ7 0² 0 12 10 14< 0 0 04 0 2 4. E 2. 2 2 2 2

CHANGES IN THE URINARY SYSTEM:  give a 2-3 sentence description of the NORMAL function of the system and a 2-3 sentence description of the CHANGES associated with AGING.

During a routine medical checkup. Candice, a 26-year old physiotherapy student, is surprised to hear that her blood pressure is 180/110. She also has a rumbling systolic and diastolic abdominal murmur that is loudest at the mid-epigastric area. Her physician suspects renal artery stenosis. She orders an abdominal ultrasound and real artery arteriography, which confirm that Candace has a small right kidney and the distal part of her right renal artery is narrowed by more than 70%. Her physician prescribes diuretics and calcium channel blockers as temporary measures refers Candace to a cardiovascular surgeon. a) How will diuretics and calcium channel blockers improve her hypertension and abdominal murmur? b) Explain the connection between Candace's renal artery stenosis and her hypertension.

B. Ascending loops of Henle facilitate sodium transport through the sodium-potassium ATPase channels. The osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the medulla region of the kidney is affected by sodium-potassium ATPase activity in the loop of Henle. How will this affect urine production? Describe how a decrease in sodium-potassium ATPase activity would affect sodium transport in the ascending loop of Henle, resulting in changes in sodium concentration in the interstitial fluid, water reabsorption, and urine synthesis in nephrons.