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- Explain the presence of glucose in the urine: Describe the physiological mechanism for a transport maximum for reabsorptiona. Identify the structures and functions of the Kidney. Explain b. List down at least 2Urinary problems. What are their causes and symptoms? Explain it.ACTIVITY: 1. Identify the structures and functions of the Kidney.
- A. The kidneys perform reabsorption as one of their major functions. Describe reabsorption (which occurs in the renal tubules of nephrons) and explain its importance.Explain the significance of pressures involved in filtration and reabsorption processes in the kidneys. Briefly present the factors causing cardio-renal syndromes.a. Using Table 10.1, identify the diseases that result when the filtration membranes within the kidneys become damaged and are unable to restrict or regulate the movement/filtration of larger substances. b. What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane? ABNORMAL CONDITION CAUSE COMPONENT Caused by glucose levels in the blood that exceed the renal tubule's ability to reabsorb it. It is a common sign of diabetes mellitus. Glucose Glycosuria or Glucosuria Albumin Albuminuria Caused by damage to the glomerular and resulting in the leakage of large quantities of protein, including albumin, into the filtrate. filtration mer Red blood cells Caused by damage to the glomerular filtration membrane, allowing whole cells from the blood to pass into the filtrate. Hematuria Hemoglobinuria Caused by the hemolysis of red blood cells within the bloodstream, which releases hemoglobin into plasma that crossek the glomerular filtraton membrane during Hemoglobin renal filtration. Diseases…
- Give three features of the PCT necessary for its role in selective reabsorption. Explain the role fearures.Discuss about reabsorption of sodium and reabsorption of sodium in the kidney. Explain the flow or the step in detail.Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance. Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved, and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)
- Matching: Assuming normal conditions, note whether each of the following substances would be: A. In greater relative concentration in the urine than in glomerular filtrate B. In lesser concentration in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate C. Absent in both urine and glomerular filtrate Uric acid _______ Creatinine _______ Pus (WBC) _______ Nitrites _______ Amino acids _______ Glucose _______ Albumin _______ Red Blood Cells _______ Urea _______ Water _______ Phosphate Ions _______ Sodium Ions _______Discuss the formation of urine by the kidneys.Explain how common pathologies affect the composition of urine