ТАBLE 3.2 pk, Values of Common Amino Acids Acid a-COOH a-NH,* RH or RH Gly 2.34 9.60 Ala 2.34 9.69 Val 2.32 9.62 Leu 2.36 9.68 Ile 2.36 9.68 Ser 2.21 9.15 Thr 2.63 10.43 Met 2.28 9.21 Phe 1.83 9.13 Tip 2.38 9.39 Asn 2.02 8.80 Gln 2.17 9.13 Pro 1.99 10.6 Asp 2.09 9.82 3.86* Glu 2.19 9.67 4.25* His 1.82 9.17 6.0* Cys 1.71 10.78 8.33* Tyr 2.20 9.11 10.07 Lys 2.18 8.95 10.53 Arg 2.17 9.04 12.48 *For these amino acids, the R group ionization occurs before the a-NH,* ionization.
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Based on the information in Table 3.2, is there any amino acid that could serve as a buffer at pH 8? If so, which one?
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- How does hydroxyurea therapy alleviate the symptoms of sickle cell anemia? (Select all that apply.) HbS dilutes HbF and thus somewhat relieves the symptoms of the disease. HbF dilutes HbS and thus somewhat relieves the symptoms of the disease. HbF, because of its amino acid sequence, does not sickle and clog capillaries. O Hydroxyurea enhances the production of sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS) in the bone marrow. Hydroxyurea enhances the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the bone marrow. O HbS, because of its amino acid sequence, does not sickle and clog capillaries.Below is a figure showing possible trajectories to maximum resistance to cefotaxime. Numbers indicate cefotaxime resistance in micrograms per ml. What is the most likely pathway to max resistance? a. G238S→ g4205a →A42G→M182T→E104K b. G238S→ A42G →E406F→M182T→g4205a c. E104K→A42G→G238S→M182T→g4205a d. G238S→E104K→A42G→M182T→g4205aOn the right is a diagram of plasma concentration of three metabolites: glucose, B- hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acid of an experimental animal over weeks of starvation. 4. (a) Label the lines with the names of the three metabolites. Yellow: Red: 10 20 30 40 Blue: Days of starvation (b) What factor in the plasma binds to and transports free fatty acid (c) Where was B-hydroxybutyrate produced? Why it is produced? What are the purposes of producing it (d) How B-hydroxybutyrate is used as fuel in extrahepatic cells? Write down the reactions, enzymes, and cofactors (No need to elaborate on the TCA cycle). (e) How many ATP molecules or equivalent are generated after complete oxidation of one molecule of B-hydroxybutyrate? Show your calculations. Hint: You need to consider ATP consumption for bypassed steps that may normally yield or consume AT Plasma concentration (mM)
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- Kindly mention the indications for clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Should it be used along with aspirin or alone if the latter is contraindicated? Are there any studies that combine both with either low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin? How long should clopidogrel be continued?Using the data on enhanced coagulation and TTHM and HAA5 yield data and propose modification to the design necessary if your treatment process cannot meet the new regulation that specifies a maximum 80 and 60 ppb of TTHM and HAA5, respectively Table 2: DOC concentration achieved after enhanced coagulation pH Dose 5 6 7 8 0 5 5 5 5 10 3.07 3.21 3.42 3.59 20 2.05 2.63 3.17 3.37 40 1.71 2.22 3.00 3.32Compared to adult Hb (HbA), fetal Hb (HbF) has one less histidine in the central cavity where BPG binds. What is the consequence of this difference in the P50 value? a The P50 value of HbF approaches zero torr at high O2 partial pressures. b The P50 value of HbF approaches 100 torr at high O2 partial pressures. c HbA has a smaller P50 value compared to HbF d HbF and HbA have the same P50 value. e HbF has a smaller P50 value compared to HbA
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