Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- A monoclonal antibody molecule has only one Fab domain, while a polyclonal antibody has two Fab domains capable of binding two different epitopes. True O Falsearrow_forwardExplain in detail Increased oxidative stress in regards effects of ageing on the functionality of T cells. Give examples and diffrence effectes in age ranges. Provide A diagram/schematic.arrow_forward(M/C) Which statement is the best with respect to the role of the different arms of the immune system in defending against this virus based on the graph below? Infection of mice that are wild type or have the indicated protein or cell deletions 120 100 60 80 % Survival 40 20 20 0 wild type RIGI minus Toll receptor minus INF a/ẞ minus CD8 T cell minus INF a/ẞ + CD8 T cell minus 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Days after infection The innate immune response alone is usually enough to survive viral infection. ○ The adaptive immune response alone is usually enough to survive viral infection. Innate immunity plays a much larger role than adaptive immunity for survival. Both innate and adaptive immunity play about equal roles in survival.arrow_forward
- explain in detail Altered T cell function and how Ageing can also lead to changes in T cell function. Provide age ranged data to back answer. Give an illustaion/diagramarrow_forwardDescribe the relationship of the following term using short terms: Dendritic CellDC-SIGNEffector T cellHelper T cellHigh-endothelial venules (HEV)arrow_forwardMS can lead to scarring (plaques) in the CNS visible by MRI. The cells most associated with this is: T cells Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes Natural killer (NK) cells B cellsarrow_forward
- COVID-19 has impacted different individuals in varying ways. Much of this has little to do on differing genetics of the body and more to do with social aspects. After learning about social determinants of health please pick three social determinants and explain how they might help or hinder a person who becomes infected by COVID-19.arrow_forwardNeed helparrow_forwardDiscuss the differences between conventional T cell therapy and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells.arrow_forward
- MHC polymorphism at individual MHC genes appears to have been strongly selected by evolutionary pressures. In other words, there appears to be selection for maintaining hundreds to thousands of different alleles of each MHC gene in the population. This notion is based on the observation that nucleotide differences between alleles that lead to amino acid substitutions are more frequent than those that are silent substitutions (i.e., not changing the amino acid sequence of the protein). In addition, the positions within the MHC protein where most of the allelic sequence variation occurs are not randomly distributed, but are concentrated in certain regions of the MHC protein. This latter point indicates: That some nucleotide sequences within the MHC genes are hot-spots for mutation That MHC genes are more susceptible to point mutations than to larger nucleotide deletions That MHC allelic polymorphism has been driven by selection for diversity in peptide binding specificity That MHC genes…arrow_forwardIn this figure, the rapid rise in Ab titer after second exposure to the same Ag is possible because of: 2nd Ag 1st Ag Exposure Exposure AIN IgG IgM 7 Time (days) 21 58 65 72 Eosinophilic granulocytes Cytotoxic T cells specific for the Ag Presence of memory B cells specific for the Ag None of the other four answers are correct Plasma cells that live many yearsarrow_forwardFood-derived retinoic acid and commensal bacteria stimulate all three populations of innate lymphoid ells(ILC, ILC2, ILC3) to cause T cell inactivation (anergy) and regulatory T cell (Treg) formation. True Falsearrow_forward
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