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Synaptic transmission is inhibited by all the following, except :-
a- oxygen lack
b- alkalosis
c- acidosis
d- prolonged activity of synapse
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- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.Besides the standard post- and pre-synapse that exchange information, non neuronal cell types also play a role in synaptic transmission. One of those are called astrocytes and can form a tripartite synapse. Explain the roles of astrocytes in synaptic transmission.Synaptic transmission depends upon :- a-direct transmission of impulses from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuronb- diffusion of neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs into the soma and dendrites of postsynaptic neuronsc- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in membrane of synaptic knobsd- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in the subsynaptic membrane
- Describe mechanisms by which synaptic transmission is rapidly stopped. Why is it important that transmission be stopped?Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. Example: SENDING NEURON B 1. lon channel opens Synepto SYNAPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft SYNAPTIC CLEFT RECEVING HEURC4 Neurotransmitter 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chennels Neurotransmtter Reseptor deurotranemitter brohen down and sa sd 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor BOns 前 命 5. Action potential arrives 6. lon channel closes the obeicos in the bo y belo M (A nIf a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold the postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons the post synaptic cell is getting stimulated many times during a short period of time by a single presynaptic neuron the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize
- Rlvastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor medication that alleviates symptoms in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Label the following diagram of a synapse during this process.Briefly describe, in the correct sequence, the events thatoccur in synaptic transmission.Synaptic cleft :-a- is the space between two synapses on the surface of neuronsb- allow diffusion of transmitters between neuronsc- is filled with intracellular fluidd- ranges between 20 – 30 μm in width
- Each of the following is a correct relationship between action potential phase and channel status except Select one: O A. hyperpolarizing phase; Na channels open O B. repolarizing phase; K channels open O C. depolarization; Na channels open O D. hyperpolarizing phase; K channels open O E. repolarizing phase; Na channels closedlist at least eight ways in which the effectiveness of synapses may be altered and explain each pointSynaptic fatigue is due to : -a- decreased synthesis of neurotransmittersb- inability to release neurotransmitters by exocytosisc- failure of action potentials to open voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in presynaptic terminald- imbalance in between rates of synthesis and release of neurotransmitters