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Suppose you had used 4.00 grams of NaOH(s) in Reaction 1. What would have been the number of Joules released in the reaction? What effect would this have on the value of X1?

Suppose you had used 4.00 grams of NaOH(s) in Reaction 1. What would have been the number of Joules released in the reaction? What effect would this have on the value of X1?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Suppose you had used 4.00 grams of NaOH(s) in Reaction 1. What would have been the number of Joules released in the reaction? What effect would this have on the value of X1?

Heat is a form of energy, sometimes called thermal energy, which can pass spontaneously from an object at high temperature to an object at a lower temperature. If the two objects are in contact, given enough time, they will reach the same temperature. Heat flow is typically measured in a device called calorimeter. A calorimeter is simply a container with insulating walls, made so that essentially no heat is exchanged between the contents and the surroundings. Within the calorimeter, phase changes and reactions may occur, or heat may flow from one part of the contents to another, but no heat transfers into or out of the calorimeter. One type of calorimeter is the constant- pressure calorimeter. Typically, it can be made from styrofoam cup or a more advanced one as shown in Figure 1. These devices are used to measure enthalpy changes in physical or chemical processes. (a) (b) Thermometer Styrotoam Cover Styrofoam Cups Waner -Stirrer Figure 1. Set-up of constant-pressure calorimeters as (a) styrofoam cups and (b) pre-made type. In this experiment, the heat capacity of a calorimeter and the heat involved in the following reactions will be determined and compared. Reaction 1: Solid sodium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of ions. NaOH(s) → Na*(aq) + OH(aq) + XIJ AH1 = -Xi J Reaction 2: Solid sodium hydroxide reacts with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. NaOH(s) + H'(aq) + Cl(aq) → H:O + Na*(aq) + C(aq) + X:J AH: - -X2 J For the exclusive use of UST Engineering students CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING LABORATORY (ENG 202) 2 Experiment 4: Constant-Pressure Calorimetry Reaction 3: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide reacts with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Na"(aq) + OH(aq) + H'(aq) + C(aq) –→ H:O + Na'(aq) + C{aq) + X.J AH = -XI J
Transcribed Image Text:Heat is a form of energy, sometimes called thermal energy, which can pass spontaneously from an object at high temperature to an object at a lower temperature. If the two objects are in contact, given enough time, they will reach the same temperature. Heat flow is typically measured in a device called calorimeter. A calorimeter is simply a container with insulating walls, made so that essentially no heat is exchanged between the contents and the surroundings. Within the calorimeter, phase changes and reactions may occur, or heat may flow from one part of the contents to another, but no heat transfers into or out of the calorimeter. One type of calorimeter is the constant- pressure calorimeter. Typically, it can be made from styrofoam cup or a more advanced one as shown in Figure 1. These devices are used to measure enthalpy changes in physical or chemical processes. (a) (b) Thermometer Styrotoam Cover Styrofoam Cups Waner -Stirrer Figure 1. Set-up of constant-pressure calorimeters as (a) styrofoam cups and (b) pre-made type. In this experiment, the heat capacity of a calorimeter and the heat involved in the following reactions will be determined and compared. Reaction 1: Solid sodium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of ions. NaOH(s) → Na*(aq) + OH(aq) + XIJ AH1 = -Xi J Reaction 2: Solid sodium hydroxide reacts with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. NaOH(s) + H'(aq) + Cl(aq) → H:O + Na*(aq) + C(aq) + X:J AH: - -X2 J For the exclusive use of UST Engineering students CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING LABORATORY (ENG 202) 2 Experiment 4: Constant-Pressure Calorimetry Reaction 3: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide reacts with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Na"(aq) + OH(aq) + H'(aq) + C(aq) –→ H:O + Na'(aq) + C{aq) + X.J AH = -XI J
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