Suppose the Fed sells $300 billion in government securities and the reserve ratio is 0.2 Calculate the resulting change in the money supply. Be certain to include a negative sign. change in the money supply: !$ billion Next, show the impact this open market operation will have on the graph in the short run. 10 Solow growth curve Short-run aggregate supply 8 7 50 3 2 Aggregate demand 0 0 8 9 10 Real GDP growth rate (%) Which statement describes the impact on inflation and real GDP the Fed's policy has in the short run? Inflation decreases and real GDP increases. Inflation decreases and real GDP decreases.

3. Most global markets have been reporting severe contractions, which mainly responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation is worsened by the decrease in people’s confidence in the government as policymakers, spreading a wave of pessimism towards the future prospect of the economy. Explain how such wave of pessimism, ceteris paribus, may lead to short-term economic fluctuations, which will eventually work to push the economy back towards its long-run equilibrium. Use relevant diagrams to support your answer.

Sh 13  Economics

8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion. Suppose the government increases spending on building and repairing highways, bridges, and ports. Shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the increase in government spending. 240 AS 200 AD 160 AS 120 80 AD 40 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) In the short run, the increase in government spending on infrastructure causes the price level to the price level people expected and the quantity of output to the natural level of output. The increase in government spending will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion, before the increase in…