Suppose that the cost of living increases, thereby reducing the purchasing power of your income. If your money wage doesn’t increase, you may work more hours because of this cost-of-living increase. Is this response predominantly an income effect or a substitution effect? Explain. with simple example
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- Suppose that the cost of living increases, thereby reducing the purchasing power of your income. If your money wage doesn’t increase, you may work more hours because of this cost-of-living increase. Is this response predominantly an income effect or a substitution effect? Explain.An individual values both consumption and leisure. Suppose the individual has 1600 hours per week they can allocate between leisure and work. IF the individual works, they make a wage of $25 per hour. The individual's utility function is given as a function of leisure time, L and consumption, c: U(L, c) = L^(1/2)c ^ (1/2) a) Draw the individual's budget constraint for leisure and consumption. b) How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing? c) Consider a Universal Basic Income policy like the one proposed by Andrew Yang that would give all individuals a lump -sum, unconditional cash transfer of $1,000 each month. How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing with the cash transfer? d) Now suppose, instead of a cash transfer, a minimum wage of $40 per hour is implemented. How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing with the cash transfer? e) What change in leisure time can be attributed to the substitution…A consumer earns a wage of 20 dollars per hour and has an unearned income of $100 per day. What would the consumption-leisure budget line look like? In the graph, also draw the effect of a wage cut, (including the income and substitution effects). Assume she works less after the wage change.
- Consider an indifference curve for someone deciding how to allocate time between work (and thus consumption) and leisure. Suppose the wage increases. The substitution effect induces a person to work and consume (more , less) ? in response to higher wages. If consumption is a normal good, the income effect induces the person to consume ( more, less) ? when the wage rises, but if consumption is an inferior good, the income effect induces the person to consume ( more , less) ? in response to higher wages. True or False: The person's consumption may fall as a result of the higher wage if consumption is an inferior good. True or FalseConsider an individual who had been planning to retire in five years. Unfortunately, they've just been laid off and the highest-paying job they've been able to find pays a lower hourly wage than did their previous job. a) Using the concepts of the income and/or substitution effect, describe why we might expect this individual to retire earlier than they originally planned. b) Using the concepts of the income and/or substitution effect, describe why we might expect this individual to retire later than they originally plannedConsider an individual who is paid a constant hourly wage and is deciding how many hours to spend working and how many to take as free time per week. Which of the following statements are correct? Select all the correct answers. □ If the wage increased, this would decrease the opportunity cost of leisure time If the wage increased and the substitution effect dominates, the individual will choose to have less free time If the wage increased and the individual chooses to work the same hours, the income effect and substitution effects are both zero If the wage increased and the income effect dominates, the individual will choose to have more free time
- Jeff spends all of his money on housing (H) and other stuff (S) and has a diminishing marginal rate of substitution between housing and stuff. Jeff used to live and work in a small town where housing prices were relatively low. His company has decided to transfer him to a large city where housing prices are higher. (For simplicity, assume that all other prices are the same.) Using a diagram, explain to Jeff's company how to find the amount it needs to raise his salary to keep him just as well after the 2. transfer as he was before. TridorJohn works in a shoe factory. He can work as many hours per day as he wishes at a wage rate w. Let C be the amount of dollars he spends on consumer goods and R. be the number of hours of leisure that he chooses. John's preferences are represented by U(C, R) = CR utility function Question 2 Part a John earns $8 an hour and has 18 hours per day to devote to labor or leisure, and he has $16 of nonlabor income per day. Draw John's indifference curves, budget constraints and solve for his optimal consumption and leisure choices.Suppose the price of bananas falls. Explain how the income and substitution effects work in the adjustment to a new level of banana consumption.
- Suppose your weekly allowance from your parents is $100 and your part-time job pays $10 per hour. The slope of the line plotting the relationship between the hours worked per week (the horizontal axis) and the income per week (the vertical axis) is $. (Enter your response as an integer.) Suppose you start with 10 hours of part-time work and then decide to increase your time working by 3 hour(s). By how much will your weekly income increase? $. (Enter your response as an integer.) Suppose you start with 10 hours of work and then decide you need additional income of $20 per week. How many additional hours would you have to work? hours. (Enter your response as an integer.)What does the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) measure? What is your MRS of $1 bills for $5 bills? Is this MRS diminishing as your consumption of $5 bills rises? Please include a graph with your explanation.Jack's marginal utility of consumption is MUc = L - 6, and the marginal utility of leisure is MUL=C-40. Jack does not have any nonlabor income, i.e., V = 0. Jack faces a $48 an hour wage rate. Jack's total number of hours available per week is 150. What is Jack's optimal choice of consumption? (calculate to 2 decimal places)