Suppose that the components of planned spending in an economy are C-500 +0.8(Y-T),I-1500, G-2000, X=0, T=0.25Y, where t is the fraction of income paid in taxés (the tax rate).As we will see in this problem, a tax system of this sort serves as an automatic stabiliser,because taxes collected automatically fall when incomes fall.a) Find a short-run equilibrium output in this economy.b) Calculate the multiplier,c) Explain how reducing the size of the multiplier helps to stabilise the economy, holdingconstant the typical size of fluctuations in the components of exogenous expenditure.

Given C = 500 + 0.8(Y - T) I = 1500 G = 2000 X = 0 T = 0.25Y

Answered: Suppose that the components of planned…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

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Problem 1QTC

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In Hofstralia, initially nobody is defaulting on their loan, and the government is running a balanced budget in every period. Joe is a borrower. Draw Joe’s intertemporal budget constraint, use an indifference curve to show his optimal consumption bundle, and place an endowment point (and show its coordinates) on his budget constraint consistent with the fact that he is a borrower. Suppose that the government is eliminates taxes in the current period, and finances its spending through a deficit. Show graphically how the tax cut would affect Joe’s borrowing, and explain what would happen to his consumption and welfare. Would the Ricardian equivalence hold? Why or why not? Suppose now that due to a recession people start losing their jobs. Banks expect some borrowers to default but because of asymmetric information, they do not know which ones. Explain how interest rate on loans would change and why. Show on the graph and explain how events in the financial market would affect Joe’s…
Given the above model for an economy C = 100 + 0.8Yd G = 800 T = 500 I = 200 c)Find Tax multiplier. d)Find the new level of output if the lump-sum tax is increased by 100 (ΔT = 100). f)Find the new level of output if the government spending is increased by 100 and this government expenditure increase is financed by the same amount of increase in lump-sum taxes (ΔG = ΔT = 100).
Consider a simple Keynesian model with taxation. Suppose the marginal rate of tax is 0.2 and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.5. Then a decrease in investment expenditure of 100 units will: Group of answer choices None of the other options Increase equilibrium output by approximately 150 units Increase equilibrium output by approximately 167 units Decrease equilibrium output by approximately 150 units
Consider a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determined by autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and the marginal propensity to consume. a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in this economy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, use algebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. (2 marks) c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demand function from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the two lines intersect, with numerical values. d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What would the new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew for part (c). e)…
Equilibrium output only occurs when 1) government budget is balanced 2) there are no output gaps 3) there is no tendency for output to change 4) the level of imports is equal to the level of exports
Given the above model for an economy C = 100 + 0.8Yd G = 800 T = 500 I = 200 a) Calculate the level of savings when the economy is in equilibrium. b) Find government spending multiplier. c) Find the new equilibrium level of output if investment is increased by 100 (ΔI = 100). d) Find Tax multiplier. e) Find the new level of output if the lump-sum tax is increased by 100 (ΔT = 100). f) Find the new level of output if the government spending is increased by 100 and this government expenditure increase is financed by the same amount of increase in lump-sum taxes (ΔG = ΔT = 100).
Consider a government that raises money in a two-good economy by taxing good 1 at a rate of t per unit. The government is considering replacing these taxes with a lump-sum tax to the consumer that raises the same revenue. Thus, if the consumer consumes x units of good 1 before the change in taxes, she must pay the government a lump sum of tx after the change. Suppose, moreover, that prices change only by the amount of the tax; i.e., if prices are (p₁+t, p2) before the change, then they become (P₁, P2) after. Let x = (x1, x₂) be the consumer's demand before the change, and x' (x1,x2) the consumer's demand after. Suppose that x = x'. = (a) Is one of x or x' revealed preferred to the other (and if so, which)? (b) Assuming that the consumer's demand satisfies the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference, does the change in taxes lead to an increase or decrease in consumption of Good 1, or is it impossible to determine? What about Good 2?
Suppose we have the following information for the simple (fixed r, fixed P, fixed W) Keynesian model. C = 400 + 0.8 I = 310 G = 140 = 400 + 0.8 (Y - T) T = 200, where C is the consumption function, (Y - T) is disposable income, I is investment, G is government spending, and T is taxes. What can you say about the government's budget situation? (Hint: Think about what “G” and “T” stand for.) Group of answer choices A) There is a budget surplus. B) There is a budget deficit. C) None of the other options. D) We cannot say anything about the government budget. E) The budget is balanced.
Suppose we have the following information for the simple (fixed r, fixed P, fixed W) Keynesian model. C = 400 + 0.8 I = 310 G = 140 = 400 + 0.8 (Y - T) T = 200, where C is the consumption function, (Y - T) is disposable income, I is investment, G is government spending, and T is taxes If (disposable income) increased by $200, C would Group of answer choices A) increase by $160. B) increase by $150. C) increase by $135. D) decrease by $40. E) increase by $200.
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