Suppose Data Encryption Standard (DES) is used to encrypt the following 64-bit block of plaintext: 6 3 F A C 0 D 0 3 4 D 9 F 7 9 3 Given the initial 64-bit key is: 1 C 5 8 7 F 1 C 1 3 9 2 4 F E F
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Suppose Data Encryption Standard (DES) is used to encrypt the following 64-bit block of plaintext:
6 3 F A C 0 D 0 3 4 D 9 F 7 9 3
Given the initial 64-bit key is: 1 C 5 8 7 F 1 C 1 3 9 2 4 F E F
Expand R0 to get E[R0]
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- A symmetric block encryption algorithm is shown below. 16-bit blocks of plaintext P are encrypted using a 32-bit key. Encryption is defined as: C = (P EX_OR Ko) + K1 C is the ciphertext, K is the secret key, Ko is the leftmost 16 bits of K, K1 is the rightmost 16 bits of K, EX_OR is bitwise exclusive OR, and + is binary addition. a. The ciphertext C must be the same size as the plaintext P, that is, it must not be larger than 16 bits. How can this be achieved? b. Show the decryption equation. How will the encrypted message be decrypted?Encryption is commonly used to disguise messageson the internet. A Caesar cipher performs a shift ofall of the characters in a string (based on their ASCIIvalues, see Table 2.1), e.g.h e l l o → m j q q tThe example shows a shift with a distance of 5characters, i.e. h(ASCII:104) → m(ASCII:109)Write a C/C++ program that asks the user to input aline of plaintext and the distance value and outputsan encrypted text using a Caesar cipher, with theASCII values range from 0 through 127. Useunderscores (ASCII: 95) to represent spacecharacters.Underscore characters should not be encrypted,and any character that is encrypted may notbecome an underscore. In this case, the charactershould be changed to the next character in theASCII table.The program should work for any printablecharacters.NB: No strings (datatype) or library functions maybe used.See Figure 2.1 for example output.Using C programming language: A Transposition Cipher A very simple transposition cipher encrypt(S, N) can be described by the following rules: If the length of S is 1 or 2, then encrypt(S, N) is S. If S is a string of N characters s1 s2 s3... sN and k = N/2, then encrypt(S)= encrypt(sk sk−1... s2 s1 ,K)+ encrypt(sN sN−1... sk+1 ,N - K) where + indicates string concatenation. For example, encrypt("Ok", 2) = "Ok" and encrypt("12345678", 8) = "34127856". Write a program to implement this cipher. The input is a file that is guaranteed to have less then 2048 characters. Code structure might look like this: #define MAX_SIZE 2048char text_buffer[MAX_SIZE];int main(){ // read file into text_buffer encrypt(text_buffer, n); // print out text_buffer return 0;}
- You are given the following parameters in RSA cryptosystem: p = 11, q = 13, e = 13 a) Find the integer d. b) List down the public key and private key. You need to encrypt the plaintext message, M = OF. c) Convert this message to value according to ASCII table. To encrypt this message, you can either combine the value, or separate it into the blocks of 2 digits (Hint: it must satisfy the condition M < n). d) Encrypt and decrypt the message OF. e) If the decimal value (not character) of ciphertext is 188267, decrypt this value and convert it to an appropriate message according to the ASCII table.3. Suppose the key k to DES is k = (0E329232E A6D0D73)hez. Find kį and k2. Also, given m = (0000000000000000)her, find Lo, Ro, L1, R1.Encrypt The following correspondence between letters and numbers is used in the Caesar cypher. a b d e f i k lm n o r u V W X y z 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Encrypt the animal name zebra with the Caesar cypher with a key of 25. What is the encrypted animal name (enter a string of letters with no spaces)? Save Submit You have used 0 of 1 attempt Decrypt An animal name was encrypted with the scheme described above. The encrypted animal name is azmchbnns . What is the animal name? Save
- Can you please show the shifts for the encrypt & decrypt in this format? For example, like this : Example:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Row 1FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDE Row 2 If the plaintext to encrypt is:THIS IS THE ANSWER The ciphertext becomes:YMNX NX YMJ FSXBJW This is for me to help understand and to redo the problem for studying. Thank you!!Consider the binary code C= {00100,10101,11110,01011}. What is d(C)Suppose we will use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt a block of plaintext and the known round key for round 7 is: B5 8D BA D2 31 2B F5 60 7F 8D 29 2F EA D2 73 21 What is the third word (i.e. the third 4 bytes) of the round key for round 8?
- Suppose we will use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt a block of plaintext andthe known round key for round 7 is:B5 8D BA D2 31 2B F5 60 7F 8D 29 2F EA D2 73 21Please calculate the first four words of the round key for round 8 by following the steps below:(1) What is the ‘temp’ value after RotWord? (2) What is the value after SubWord? (3) What is the value after XOR with Rcon? (4) What is the first word (i.e. the first 4 bytes) of the round key for round 8? (5) What is the third word (i.e. the third 4 bytes) of the round key for round 8?p T Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. Suppose you have an LFSR with 6 state bits. The first 12 bits of output produced by this LFSR are 100011011000 = s0 $1 $2 S3 S4 S5 S6 87 Sg S9 S10 S11 - The first bit produced is the leftmost bit and the bit most recently produced is the rightmost bit. a) What is the initial state of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent S5 = 0, s4 = 1, 83 = 0, s2 = 1, s1 = 0, so = 1). %3D b) What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent P5 = 0, p4 = 1, pP3 = 0, p2 = 1, p1 = 0, po = 1).Using these two prime numbers p: 11472448678961361675809388014248341 q: 46038831327322626556194693766252933 an RSA public key was constructed (these are same prime numbers we used in class) and the following message (an encoded palindromic sentence) has been sent to you: s: 472416409730339433352814223063288198093192855419264466335424324854514 What is that palindromic sentence?