Substrates 2 Which energy substrate contains the most energy per gram? ) a. carbohydrate b. protein c. fat d. glycogen

2C. A “pulse-chase" experiment using "C-labeled glucose can be carried out on a yeast extract that is maintained under strictly anaerobic conditions. The experiment consists of incubating a small amount of "C-labeled substrate (the pulse) with the yeast extract just long enough for each intermediate in the fermentation pathway to become labeled. The label is then “chased" through the pathway by the addition of excess unlabeled glucose. The chase effectively prevents any further entry of labeled glucose into the pathway. 2 ADP 2 ATP Glucose ---> CH3 2 NAD* 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate H H H-C-OH C=0 CH3 CH3 2 co, 2 Ethanol 2 Acetylaldehyde (1) If [1-"C]glucose (glucose labeled at C-1 with "C) is used as a substrate, will there be any "C in the product (ii) Lactic acid is the final fermentation product in vertebrates, while ethanol is the final fermentation product in yeast. Lactic acid can be converted back into glucose while ethanol can not be. In the space below, use a thermodynamic rationale to…

6. The shown intermediate is generated from: Соон ~-U=u-

Draw the first step of lipid hydrolysis using water as a nucleophile