states that when a system in chemical equilibrium is disturbed by a change of temperature, pressure, or a concentration, the system shifts in equilibrium composition in a way that tends to counteract this change of variable.

A transmitting valve is cooled by water circulating through its hollow electrodes. The water enters the valve at 25°C and leaves it at 85°C. Calculate the rate of flow in kg/second needed per kW of cooling. The temperature of 1 kg of water is raised to 1°C by 4178 joules. a. 0.001 kg/s b. 0.002 kg/s c. 0.003 kg/s d. 0.004 kg/s

-Screen reader description: The Ordinary Phases of Carbon Dioxide. Pressure (Pa) 10 to the power of 0 to 10  up to 10 to the power of 8 on Y-axis. Temperature in Kelvins 0 to 700 on X-axis. Curved line up from 105 K at 10 to the power of 0 Pa up to 200 K and 10 to the power of 6 Pa. The line forks here. There is an almost vertical line up to 10 to the power of 8 Pa, and a line that goes diagonally up and to the right to 325 K and 10 to the power of 7 Pa. To the left of the fork is "Solid". To the right of the fork is "Gas". In between the lines of the fork is "Liquid".   End of image. The pressure is decreased slowly from 107 Pa at 150 K. Which of these best describes what is observed?   It starts out as a solid, then becomes a liquid, then becomes a gas.   It starts out as a gas, then becomes a solid, then becomes a liquid.   It starts out as a liquid, then becomes a solid, then becomes a gas.   It starts out as a solid, then becomes a…