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- Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________. anuria polyuria oliguria none of the aboveAnswer the following question: 1. What does the amount of urea, ammonia and creatinine in the urine tell about renal/ kidney function? 2. What food substances can lead to an increased value of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in the blood?a. Using Table 10.1, identify the diseases that result when the filtration membranes within the kidneys become damaged and are unable to restrict or regulate the movement/filtration of larger substances. b. What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane? ABNORMAL CONDITION CAUSE COMPONENT Caused by glucose levels in the blood that exceed the renal tubule's ability to reabsorb it. It is a common sign of diabetes mellitus. Glucose Glycosuria or Glucosuria Albumin Albuminuria Caused by damage to the glomerular and resulting in the leakage of large quantities of protein, including albumin, into the filtrate. filtration mer Red blood cells Caused by damage to the glomerular filtration membrane, allowing whole cells from the blood to pass into the filtrate. Hematuria Hemoglobinuria Caused by the hemolysis of red blood cells within the bloodstream, which releases hemoglobin into plasma that crossek the glomerular filtraton membrane during Hemoglobin renal filtration. Diseases…
- When kidney function is lost, various changes can occur in the body. Which of the following is NOT commonly observed in patients with kidney failure? Multiple Choice 1. High serum concentration of phosphate 2. Hypocalcemia 3. Anemia 4. Edema (swelling of the body from excess water and Na) 5. High serum concentration of HCO3-Discuss the genetic defects that may cause renal failure. Examine the list of structural anomalies that are associated with urinary tract malformations and discuss how they are connected.Answer and please explain why. Primary inorganic component of urine: A. Chloride B. Calcium C. Creatinine D. Uric acid It is commonly seen when the body enters a state of dehydration as a result of excessive water loss from vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, or severe burns. A. Anuria B. Polyuria C. Polyphagia D. Oliguria It is an extremely stable preservative. A. Boric Acid B. Formalin C. Thymol D. Toluene It is an analyte decreased in an unpreserved urine due to glycolysis. A. Ketones B. Nitrite C. Glucose D. Lipids End stage disease of the kidney. A. Glomerulonephritis B. Nephrotic Syndrome C. Fanconi Syndrome D. Renal Failure
- A 44-year-old man diagnosed with acute tubular necrosis has a blood urea nitrogen of 60 mg/dL and a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL. A 2+ urine glucose is also reported. Questions:1. State the renal threshold for glucose.2. What is the significance of the positive urineglucose and normal blood glucose?Tab. 2. Morphological changes in the case of damage to the epithelial cells of the renal tubules (H&E micropreparations and electronograms) I. Normal epithelium of renal tubules Mark the corresponding elements in all the pictures: 1 - lumen of renal tubules 2 - nephrocyte nuclei 3- cytoplasm of nephrocytes 4- eosinophilia of the cytoplasm of nephrocytes 5- granules in the cytoplasm of nephrocytes II. Describe the morphological changes: III. Describe the morphological changes:es) 4. Briefly describe what prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal mean related to kidney dysfunction. Highlight the classification which represents the most common cause of kidney dysfunction; underline the classification that is always obstructive. Provide examples of each specific type of 1 dysfunction a. Prerenal b. Intrarenal C. Postrenal Focus
- 1. Mention at least 5 proteins, besides albumin, that are present in the urine under pathological conditions. 2. Differentiate pre-renal, renal and post-renal proteinuria and give one example of each. 3. Explain why glucose test that is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule may appear in the urine, and state the renal threshold levels for glucose.Discuss the difference of pre-renal, renal and post-renal proteinuria. Give conditions to which they may be present.Match each clinical scenario to the most likely renal function. Each selection will be used ONCE. 1. Chronic Kidney Disease ONLY 2. Acute Kidney Injury ONLY 3. Acute on Chronic Kidney Disease (pre-existing CKD with concurrent AKI) 4. End-Stage Renal Disease A middle-aged patient with Type 1 DM has an Albumin-to- Creatinine urinary ratio (ACR) of 300 and a GFR of 47. Their serum creatinine is fairly close to their previous level. An otherwise healthy patient is admitted to the hospital for a traumatic injury resulting in massive blood loss. Their serum creatinine is very high compared to baseline. A patient whose baseline GFR is about 40 has received vancomycin antibiotic therapy for two weeks. Their serum creatinine is higher today than it was yesterday. A patient who has been diagnosed with CKD and albuminuria for several years has been told by their PCP that they need to start dialysis soon as they are experiencing significant fluid retention and hypertension despite taking loop…
