Introduction
Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among a gaggle of organisms.
A monophyletic group, sometimes called a clade, includes an ancestral taxon and every one of its descendants. A monophyletic group are often separated from the basis with one cut, whereas a non-monophyletic group needs two or more cuts.
An apomorphy is a character that's different from the form found in an ancestor, i.e., an innovation, that sets the clade apart ("apo–") from other clades.
The term apomorphy means a specialized or derived character state; plesiomorphy refers to a primitive or ancestral trait. ... A same as symplesiomorphy is similarly a shared primitive trait. These terms are defined relative to a specific node (e.g., representing a taxonomic level) on the cladogram.
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- The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus was the first taxonomist to argue that, contrary to Aristotle: humans and horses should be classified in the same kingdom (Animalia) humans and apes should be classified in the same order (order Anthropomorpha, or Primates) humans and goats should be classified in the same kingdom (Animalia) humans and cats should be classified in the same order (order Anthropomorpha, or Primates) humans and dogs should be classified in the same kingdom (Animalia)arrow_forwardSpecies A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy? A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wingsarrow_forward10. Refer to the figure shown. Species Stripe Color 1 2 3 B. C R The figure shows the phylogeny of seven species of beetles (A-G) and whether the beetles have (?) or do not have (x×) one of three stripes. It also indicates the color of the beetle (R for red and G for green). Based on the phylogenetic tree and the principle of parsimony, the absence of stripe in species is most likely O 1; E and F; an evolutionary reversal O 2; E and F; due to convergent evolution O 2; E and F; a synapomorphy O 1; E and F; a synapomorphy O 1; E andF; due to convergent evolutionarrow_forward
- A shared ancestral feature is a/an select one a. symplesiomorphy b.synapomorphy c.autapomorphyarrow_forwardWhat are the main issues associated with the morphological species concept?arrow_forwardChoose True for yes and False for no, for each of the statements 1) If fossil evidence of the most recent common ancestor of A and B (10 million years ago) was found on both sides of the river (that formed 20 million years ago), then the distribution of A and B is best explained by vicariance. True or false 2) Is It possible that species C will speciate ? True or falsearrow_forward
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