Q: At high temperature and pH extremes, enzymes are gener-ally denatured and lose their functionality.…
A: Introduction Enzymes are the biomolecules especially proteins. Which helps in the speeding up of…
Q: Why is Sanger sequencing sometimes referred to as "dye-terminator" sequencing?
A: Frederick Sanger and his colleagues created Sanger Sequencing, often known as 'chain termination…
Q: List three rules for designing primers?
A: A primer is short ,single strand DNA sequence used in the polymerase chain reaction. Primers are…
Q: What are deletion mutation with suitable example?
A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutations are variations in…
Q: How are the repeated sequences generated?
A: Introduction Repeated sequences are patterns of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) that occur at multiple sites…
Q: What is Sanger sequencing used for?
A: DNA sequencing is defined as a process in which DNA’s nucleotide sequence is determined. The main…
Q: Explain the central dogma of genetics at the molecular level.
A: In literal sense, dogma refers to a definite set of principles or processes. Central dogma refers to…
Q: • Whether a mutation is recessive or dominant to wild typedepends on how drastically the protein…
A: Mutations are defined as the change in the sequence of DNA of an organism due to any environmental…
Q: What is the chemical composition of the genetic material?
A: To define: To explain the chemical composition of the genetic material and the code structure
Q: What is domain? And Why is it complicated to classify and study domains purely using sequence…
A: All the prokaryotic organisms belong to Archea or Bacteria while eukaryotic organisms belong to…
Q: what is the meaning of Genome Restructuring
A: The arrangement of genes within the nucleus is related to chromatin topology. It is related to gene…
Q: Why did geneticists believe, even before direct experimental evidence was obtained, that the genetic…
A: Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from one generation to another. This includes but is…
Q: When a segment of DNA containing either aVNTR or an RFLP is analyzed, the result is fragments of DNA…
A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via…
Q: What are Exceptional genetic codes?
A: A genetic code translates the genetic information encoded within the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or…
Q: What does SDS–PAGE stand for? What is the benefit of doing SDS– PAGE?
A: Electrophoresis is the migration of charged particles under the influence of an electric current.…
Q: In modern molecular genetics, what is recombinant DNA, and how is it prepared?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material that carries genetic information in the form of…
Q: Approximately what percentage of the human genome isderived from transposable elements?a. 10%b.…
A: Introduction:- Transposable elements are DNA sequences that have the ability to travel or transfer…
Q: What would be a medical advantage of having a catalog of SNPs?
A: A single-nucleotide polymorphism is a substitution of a single nucleotide at a unique position in…
Q: What is a gene? Provide at least two different definitons and explain.
A: DNA contains gene that has genetic information and passes to the next generation. The functional…
Q: The prevalence of highly repetitive sequences seems rather strangeto many geneticists. Do they seem…
A: A tandem repeat is a sequence of two or more DNA base pairs that are repeated in such a manner that…
Q: Among the different types of amino acid substitution (same sense, missense, or nonsense mutations),…
A: Introduction A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, either as the result of…
Q: Identify two major functions of DNA pol III in DNAreplication.
A: DNA replication is the natural cycle of producing two indistinguishable replicas of DNA from one…
Q: What are the factor of expressed sequence tag?
A: Expressed sequence tags are small stretches of DNA sequences that are typically 100 to 800…
Q: Basic features of the central dogma of molecular genetics is
A: DNA is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that form a double helix and carry genetic…
Q: gene definition
A: Allele are considered as the variant of the gene. DNA is composed of different nucleotides that…
Q: Briefly explain how or why making a region of DNA heterochromatic results in little or no expression…
A: DNA consists of two regions euchromatin and heterochromatin. heterochromatin are darkly stained…
Q: explain the Molecular Mechanisms That Alter DNASequence
A: DNA is a double-stranded polymer made up of sequence nucleotides that stores the genetic information…
Q: Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of deaminating agents, alkylating agents, and base…
A: A structural change in the sequence of DNA caused by any alterations is known as mutation and the…
Q: When isolating DNA, why is it helpful to control environmental conditions?
A: The ability to extract DNA is of primary importance to study the genetic causes of disease and for…
Q: What are transposable elements? Explain the mechanism by which they move from one location to…
A: A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that may move around inside a genome,…
Q: An ORF 1,200 bp in length can encode a protein of what size?
A: Proteins Proteins are the building block of our body they are synthesized by the process of…
Q: Among G-C rich DNA and A-T rich DNA which of these categories more prone to errors?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acids(DNA) is made up of two polynucleotide chain that winds around each other and…
Q: • Inversions alter the order, but not the number, of geneson a __________
A: The number and the structure of the chromosomes are maintained as such during the meiosis, however,…
Q: What is the primary disadvantage of Sanger sequencing?
A: Sanger sequencing the target DNA sequence is determined by copying it into the fragments of…
Q: How the conformational changes impact its affinity for the target DNAsequence ?
A: Introduction Protein is the key biomolecule in the biological system, any important physiological…
Q: What is the central dogma of biology? Describe the molecular processes that accomplish the flow of…
A: Central Dogma of Biology: The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA which is…
Q: What is a genome and what is it composed of? What is thecentral dogma of molecular biology?
A: Genes are the hereditary units that are transmitted from one generation to another generation. The…
Q: What is the purpose of transformation in molecular biology?
A: In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism. It…
Q: Do restriction enzymes always cut the DNA at the recognition sequence?
A: Restriction enzymes are a class of enzymes that cut DNA into fragments based upon recognizing a…
Q: What information do learn from the results of the DNA extraction?
A: Hi! Since you posted more than one question, we will be answering one for you. If you want the other…
Q: In genetic transformation, what is meant by the wordcompetence?
A: The process of taking up naked or foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the environment is called…
Q: What are the steps in DNA Methylation? Take note, that important enzymes and chemicals are needed in…
A: We must provide an explanation of the steps involved in DNA methylation in accordance with the…
Q: What are chance alternatives of the genetic material?
A: Introduction DNA and RNA are the usual genetic materials that store biological information.…
Q: Nearly _______of the Human GenomeConsists of Transposable Elements?
A: The transposable elements are the DNA sequence that may change its position or location within the…
Some enzymes are considered as molecular scissors. in genetic engenrring. What is the name assigned to such enzymes?
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- In genetic transformation, what is meant by the wordcompetence?The technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is described. This is another method for examining sequence complexity within a genome. In this method, a DNA sequence, such as a particular gene sequence, can be detected within an intact chromosome by using a DNA probe that is complementary to the sequence.For example, let’s consider the β-globin gene, which isfound on human chromosome 11. A probe complementary to theβ-globin gene binds to that gene and shows up as a brightly colored spot on human chromosome 11. In this way, researchers can detectwhere the β-globin gene is located within a set of chromosomes. Becausethe β-globin gene is unique and because human cells are diploid(i.e., have two copies of each chromosome), a FISH experimentshows two bright spots per cell; the probe binds to each copy ofchromosome 11. What would you expect to see if you used thefollowing types of probes?A. A probe complementary to the Alu sequenceB. A probe complementary to a tandem array near…Describe the difference between Sanger based sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Why is NGS advantageous over Sanger based sequencing?
- Why are closure and completeness important in genome sequencing?When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually more straightforward to compare genes by using the protein sequences of gene products rather than DNA sequences of the genes themselves. Explain why this is the case. (Cover 4 points)In general, which part of a DNA sequence will have the best quality? (Ex. Beginning, middle, end?) Why?
- What is/are the purpose of DNA extraction?Give the complimentary DNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC Give the RNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC Using the provided amino acid table and the RNA strand you created in #2, create the amino acid sequence: Name and explain two different ways in which DNA can be damaged. Once DNA is damaged, can we repair it? If not, what are some possible outcomes from the damaged DNA?Below are several DNA sequences that are mutated compared with the wild-type sequence. Eachis a section of a DNA molecule that has separated in preparation for transcription, so you are onlyseeing the template strand. For each mutated DNA sequence, translate and record the resultingamino acid sequence. What type of mutation is each? Wild-type sequence: 3’-T A C T G A C T G A C G A T C-5’ Mutated DNA Template Strand #1: 3’-T A C T G T C T G A C G A T C-5’Amino acid sequence of peptide:Type of mutation: Mutated DNA Template Strand #2: 3’-T A C G G A C T G A C G A T C-5’Amino acid sequence of peptide:Type of mutation: Mutated DNA Template Strand #3: 3’-T A C T G A C T G A C T A T C-5’Amino acid sequence of peptide:Type of mutation: Mutated DNA Template Strand #4: 3’-T A C G A C T G A C T A T C-5’Amino acid sequence of peptide:Type of mutation:
- A very common molecular biology research method is to analyze cell or tissue homogenates by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting (Western blot). What can we learn about a protein of interest from this type of analysis? More than one answer is correct. Options: Determine the tertiary structure of the protein of interest. Determine or verify the molecular weight of the protein of interest. Compare the levels of the protein of interest in two different cell types. Determine the amino acid sequence from the product ion spectrum. Determine the intracellular binding partners of the protein of interest.What is domain? And Why is it complicated to classify and study domains purely using sequence analysis?Use a drawing to illustrate the principle of DNA gel electrophoresis. (2 marks)-+